--Remember!

In this series of negotiations, the British were the most satisfied.--./Firstly, China and Britain are in a honeymoon period, and there is also a desire to further increase the exchanges between the two sides. The exchanges between the two sides are not limited to the economic field, but it is necessary to strengthen political and official exchanges and communication between the two countries. Secondly, China and the UK are now in more exchanges and exchanges, and they also have a clear understanding of their respective bottom lines and psychological expectations. The most important point is that there are not too many conflicts of interest between the two sides now, and even if there are some, they cannot resist the benefits brought by trade.

Therefore, on May 19, the second year of Hongxian, the two sides signed the [Treaty on China-UK to Establish Friendship and Establish Diplomacy], known in history as [Second Treaty of China-UK in Nanjing]. The general content is: China and Britain established ambassador-level diplomatic relations, China was in London, and Britain in South Chapter 244 Exchange between the East and the West (II) Beijing established their respective embassies and sent each other to each other's envoys. The first British ambassador to China was the head of this mission, Aoqing Reek Macartney. At the same time, regarding the rights of the embassies of both sides. A series of issues such as strength, status, public citation format, etiquette, as well as personnel, soldiers, diplomatic immunity, etc., have been agreed on. China will elect ministers to the UK within this year and form members of the embassy, ​​and set out to take office in the UK at the beginning of next year. The UK will continue to fulfill its commitment to help China establish a colony in India, and Macartney will be responsible for negotiating with China for all matters, and China will also agree to organize pseudo-persons to India to avoid colonies next year.

This is at the political level, and at the economic level, the two sides signed the [China-UK Joint Economic and Trade Agreement], with the main content: both sides give the other party the most-favored-nation treatment of trade, and exempt the other party from the tariffs, port taxes, ship mooring taxes, etc. on the principle of reciprocity; and each set up special institutions to handle the relevant procedures of the two sides in the other party's customs trade; both China and the UK each opened a port to each other as the other party's special trading port, which can be used to moor ships, establish merchants, store goods, and conduct trade exchanges, etc. The UK provided China with Plymouth and Milford Chapter 244 East-West Exchange (II) and Dorchester. For China, the UK proposed to set its own special trading port in Xin'an County, Guangdong. There are also issues such as personnel, soldiers, and weapons configuration in both sides' business halls, which are also equal and consistent.

Xin'an County, Guangdong includes the Hong Kong region in later generations, so Shang Yi has to admit that the British do have vision. However, the three places provided by the UK are not bad, and they are all famous port cities in the UK in later generations. In this way, it is considered equal. Shang Yi's choice is Plymouth. Of course, Xin'an County, which the UK chose, was officially named Hong Kong.

Another is the first British ambassador to China, Ao Qingleke Macartney. Shang Yi checked and found that he was the ancestor of the British diplomat George Macartney who visited China in 1793 in another time and space. Therefore, Shang Yi did not understand whether this was a historical coincidence or was destined in the dark? Of course, Macartney... The transliteration of this name was determined by Shang Yi according to the translation in another time and space. If it was strictly translated, it would be more appropriate to call McTney. However, after Shang Yi decided so, everyone would call him. The British ambassador still does not understand Chinese, and it sounds like the same, so of course he has no objection.

Subsequently, China and Britain issued a joint statement communiqué in the China Times [China Times], stating that China and Britain had established ambassador-level diplomatic relations and should enhance friendship, strengthen exchanges, communication and cooperation from then on, and make their own contributions to maintaining regional peace and stability, promoting exchanges between the East and the West, and social progress. In the second year, after the British delegation returned to China, the English version of the joint statement communiqué was also published in the British newspaper [Weekly News].

On the third day after China and Britain signed a treaty, agreement and communiqué, China signed the [Treaty of Sino-Swiss Friendship and Trade Cooperation] with Spain, also known as the [Treaty of Sino-Swiss South Beijing].

This is a treaty with political and economic aspects. The main content is: Spain recognizes China's power in the Luzon Islands, apologizes for the massacre of the Spanish colonists in Manila, and guarantees that similar incidents will not occur in the future; China accepts Spain's apology, and takes the overall situation of friendship between China and Spain, and will no longer hold Spain accountable, and will release a group of Spanish soldiers and former Spanish residents of Manila, totaling 1,087; China and Spain establish reciprocal economic and trade relations, China allows Spain to establish its own shopping malls in Luzon and Hangzhou, while Spain allows China to establish Chinese shopping malls in Barcelona; the two countries will establish ambassador-level diplomatic relations at the appropriate time.

Although Marquis Gonzalez once complained to his daughter that his son-in-law was too disrespectful to his father-in-law, the Marquis was quite satisfied after the contract was signed, because Spain's basic requirements had been met, and they had established a business relationship with China, and also obtained the power to establish a commercial store in China and Manila, which had exceeded the pre-value. Now Spain's demand, like Britain, to establish a trade-favored nation treatment with China is not realistic.

In addition, China promised to release more than 1,000 Spanish prisoners, which was even more unexpected. In fact, Philip IV had never thought about the prisoners at all, but through negotiations, China released so many prisoners, which also helped to increase the reputation of Marquis Gonzalez in China, and was not a bad thing for Marquis Gonzalez. Of course, when he was repaying Philip IV, Marquis Gonzalez would of course say that he had argued at the negotiating table, made generous speeches, and through his daughter's relationship, he achieved such a result.

Therefore, after signing the treaty, Marquis Gonzalez was also very high. She was accompanied by her husband and children, traveling around Nanjing and enjoying the beautiful scenery of the East. After returning to China, the Marquis also wrote two books, "Gonzalez's Travels in the East" and "My son-in-law is the Emperor of China", which are very popular in Spain.

In addition to Britain and Spain, another country that is satisfied is France, and China and France also signed the [Treaty of Friendship Trade and Cooperation]. The content of the treaty is similar to that of Spain. Of course, there is no previous mistake or prisoner of war. However, France is only allowed to establish a shopping mall in Hangzhou, and as a reciprocity, China's shopping mall will be built in Marseille, France.

Although France has a worse condition than Britain and Spain, considering that this is the first time that France has officially entered the trade circle in the East, and France has never been a maritime country before, it would be great to have such a result. You should know how much effort and price the UK and Spain have paid to get today's rights and interests, and the French are enough to have a secret fun.

Britain and Spain did not object. Of course, Spain was not qualified to make opinions. Britain's rights and interests in China were far greater than France, and there was no need to worry about such a little. Moreover, France's maritime strength is very weak now, and there are almost no colonies overseas. At least for twenty years, France cannot threaten Britain's maritime status.

Of course, some people are satisfied, and some people are not satisfied.

Among the unsatisfied countries, the first one is Portugal. In the early days of the Age of Discovery, Portugal was the only country that had no conflict of interests with China. The reason is that Portugal obtained the right to live in Macau in the year of Shuhaige, of course, it is now called Xiangshan Ao. This also made Spain and the Netherlands envious. It is precisely because of this Feng Shui treasure land that although Portugal has begun to decline, it has always maintained a considerable trade with China and can still maintain it. Therefore, the Portuguese are more responsible for doing business and less trouble.

However, although the current famous discussion is that Macau was leased by Portugal, in fact, the Portuguese colonists established the Macau Council in 1583 to conduct autonomous management. They began to exercise their ruling power in Macau, and in 1616, they officially established the position of governor in Macau, establishing an army, etc.

Of course, when the Portuguese obtained the right to live in Macau, Macau was still a small fishing village, and now it has developed into a city dominated by European-style buildings. The permanent population reached more than 10,000 and the migrant population reached more than 30,000. Among them, there are about 6 to 8,000 Chinese residents who settled. Although this is inseparable from Macau's superior geographical location and the hard work of the Chinese, to be fair, the Portuguese colonists did play a major leading role.

In addition, Catholicism has a great influence in Macau. In 1555, Jesuit missionaries arrived in Macau to start missionary activities. Later, the Franciscans, Augustines, Domingo Society and St. Garnish Women's Parliament also established their own churches in Macau. Therefore, the Catholicism in Macau has increased greatly and a religious inquisition was established. In the resolution of major events in Macau, the church also sent clergy to participate in the discussion. Missions in the inland China basically had to go to Macau first to learn Chinese, understand Chinese customs, etc.

Therefore, the biggest goal of Portugal's mission to visit China was to continue to retain the power to rent Macau. Of course, Portugal also took the initiative to propose that the rent could be renegotiated. Because in the year of shuhaige, when Portugal just rented Macau, the rent was 500 taels of silver a year. In another time and space, after the Qing court obtained the rule of China, it continued to rent Macau to Portugal at this price.

However, because it is so close, the Portuguese colonists in Macau are very clear about the process of China's dynasty change this time, and they also know that the newly established Chinese Empire was a completely different country from the Ming Dynasty in the past. Moreover, because the Chinese Empire encouraged trade and trade, Macau's business has been very prosperous in recent years, and its annual income has increased.

But the Portuguese also estimated that the annual rent of 500 taels would definitely not be fooled. Therefore, after passing through Macau Governor Fe Susha and the Macau Council also decided that even if the rent was increased to 50,000 taels of silver a year, it would be fine as long as it could continue to rent Macau. The annual income of Bijing Macau is far greater than this number. The current Macau Governor Fe Susha also rushed to Nanjing in person to participate in the negotiations.-Remember!


Chapter completed!