.Why does Chen Ruru pay attention to logic father like this?
Because any scientific research, whether it is natural science or social science, always obtains unknown knowledge based on the known. How to correctly reveal the unknown from the known is the scope of logic research.
The birth of Aristotle's logic was derived from the debate technique of ancient Greece, and directly from the most popular geometry at that time. His discussion on scientific proof was abstracted from the proof of geometry. It is precisely because of this that Aristotle's logical deduction system was inherently rigorous and reliable in mathematics.
Using logical systems, any science, whether it is natural science or social science, can be regarded as a series of propositions, one by one, consisting of a series of indisputable true statements. They can be divided into two parts: the first part is some self-evident basic propositions, namely axioms, such as ▲, which can be done but can only be a straight line, and the second part is some propositions derived based on axioms using logical rules, that is, theorems, such as the sum of the inner angles of ▲ triangles equals two right angles. Propositions that need to be derived based on axioms and using logical rules.
Therefore, logic is a discipline that studies how to scientifically deduce theorems from axioms and axioms Aristotle has obviously realized that this new discipline derived from geometry is a new and rigorous new field. Since then, he has devoted himself to improving and establishing a complete logic system, scientifically expounding concepts and categories, judgments and propositions, proofs and fallacies, etc., and named the writing "Instrumental Theory", which means a tool for argumentative knowledge.
He divided the arguments of knowledge into two processes: ▲ from individual to universal induction and ' from universal to individual deduction. He affirmed the former, believing that induction is persuasive and easy to learn and use; but he focused more on research and summary deductive reasoning, and summarized the syllogism of reasoning. Simply put, ▲ If A is B and B is C, then A is also C. The fastest update is updated.
The outstanding significance of this seemingly simple derivation process lies in the fact that summing up the human thinking reasoning process into such abstract symbols makes it easier to study its internal regularity through rigorous logical reasoning; and he systematically analyzed and classified the possible fallacies in the argumentation process and summarized the thirteen types of fallacies. At this time, it is of extraordinary significance to teach people to conduct rigorous thinking reasoning.
Because it is objective and testable to draw the conclusion of the curtain through logical reasoning... It has both an empirical basis and is independent of the objective truth of experience. It depends on the objective truth of the rules of reasoning and theorems; and the essence of this truth is also universally inevitable, it reveals the universal essence of things.
For human society, the more important significance of Aristotle logic is that it has opened up a new way for us to understand the truth different from epistemology, that is, we can also obtain a truthful understanding of unknown fields through logic. This is undoubtedly a more objective, less controversial, easier to understand, and easier to inherit, and is also the basis for the establishment of a scientific system.
For Chinese civilization, it is precisely because of the lack of logic that the entire society is trapped in ambiguousness and sophistry. For example, as the saying goes, ▲The small amount is not a gentleman, but the saying also says, "No poison is not a husband," and the saying also says, "A hero has three helpers, but the saying also says, "It is better to rely on yourself than rely on others," and the saying goes, "People go to a high place," but the saying also says: "There is no better than a high place," and the cold 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
It's really a person who has a good word, and he often jokes with people, saying that there are three people who can't believe it, namely ▲As the saying goes, ▲The sage said, ▲There is the truth, "If you have the truth, then you will be defeated. But what reflects this is the tragedy of our entire nation's lack of logic. It is precisely because of the lack of logic that the right and wrong of this country is so vague. The fastest update is
And we know that whether it is social science or natural science, if we want to pursue truth, we must be objective and rigorous, eliminate all subjective interference, and do not have any slight sloppiness! This is why the civilization of China was destined to decline one thousand five hundred years ago, and abolished all schools of thought, killing Xun Zi's materialistic theory, and stifling objective; respecting Confucianism alone, burying Mozi's logical theory, and burying rigorous! Without rigorous and materialistic, where is there a soil for scientific growth?
An ironic fact is that Mozi had established a similar logical system decades earlier than Aristotle. In "Mozi", the "Mo Jing", composed of six discussions, is different from other articles. Its main content is not political ethical theory, but scientific definitions and theories, which can enable people to establish correct views and refute wrong views through logical means.
Moreover, Mozi's theory had a huge influence at that time. It was called Confucianism and Mozi's logic theory, and Mozi's logic theory was widely accepted. On the contrary, Aristotle's logic was not the most popular cognitive theory at that time. It was marginalized for a long time, and even almost lost in seven or eight hundred years due to historical and political reasons. However, the two subsequent encounters were sigh-worthy. Because Qin Shihuang burned books and buried scholars and Emperor Wu of Han respected Confucianism, Mohist thought was completely abandoned and never rose again. However, Aristotle's logic was injected into Western culture because the greatest theologian, Saint Aqui, used it as the basis of his Christian theory in the Middle Ages, which was used by Musha as the basis of his Christian theory.
Since then, Aristotle's logic has become the basis of Western philosophy and science, but this cannot change. After Aristotle's death, no one has made any important contributions to logic for more than two thousand years... His twists and turns also proves once again that a few elites are decisive to history.
Now Shen Momo wants to use the power of this Western Saint to reawaken the scientific spirit that has been sleeping for thousands of years. According to his memories of his previous life, after the introduction of Western thought, scholars such as Liang Qi and Hu Shi used Western scientific methods to study the Mo Jing, which made the world understand how advanced the logic and scientific thought of our ancestors were in the world at that time.
The stones from other mountains can be used to polish jade. The method of copying Hu Shi and Liang Qi is obviously much less difficult than letting Mozi's theory reappear in the light of day; but total westernization is not his purpose, and Chinese civilization is not as weak as being assimilated; he just wanted to use this method to restore the pre-Qin dispute, revitalize the vitality, and gain an infinite possibility of future... Let's call it the Renaissance of the East.
Of course, I know that Confucian Neo-Confucianism has become deeply aware of the deep learning of Confucian Neo-Confucianism, and people's concepts cannot be changed suddenly due to some impact; rather, this new imported theory is likely to be eliminated without any impact. To avoid this possibility, it must be put on the cloak of Neo-Confucianism and named it "On the Name of the Instrumental Reason", and it is only one of them to show the painted skin of Neo-Confucian reference books.
Chen then instructed Chen He that the wording of "The Deliberation of the Country" must be personally responsible for the wording. After foreign scholars translated it into Chinese, Chen He would use ancient philosophers and the metaphysics of Wei and Jin Dynasties to re-embellish it. It is necessary to make it close to the habits and preferences of literati without changing the essence.
But he reminded everyone that this does not mean that you can be ambiguous and change the concept. You must think about it repeatedly, carefully and carefully, and treat this philosophical work with a meticulous translation style of "No word is correct, but a few words are not clear, and there are few thorns in a single word, and when the explanation is changed, you must treat this philosophical work that is profound and difficult.
Finally, he proposed this book: "This study is actually the foundation of all kinds of studies, and it is the grinding of right and wrong, and the sharpening of the stone of verification of truth and falsehood. It is the balance of all arts, the sunlight of the spiritual world, the eyes of enlightenment, and the key to the principles of all kinds of knowledge. The efforts of all the masters must open up the door to the hundreds of Chinese studies, and follow this book forever!" The fastest update
Originally, Chen He wanted to ask Chen to make a plan to translate the book, but now he doesn't need it, because according to the current manpower and according to the standard of Shen, it will take at least three years to translate this set of large pieces; in these three years, the entire translation bureau will not have to do anything else.
Chen didn't care, but instead promised that he would increase professional staff for him and do his best to create this set of "Famous Detective"!
During the entire arrangement, several Western scholars were very surprised at the young adult's familiarity with Western philosophy. They secretly felt that this seemed to be a sage and a prophet, and their hearts were full of respect. So when Shen asked them, they all said everything, without any concealment.
When the task was arranged, Chen suddenly asked the two scholars from Britain: "How many years has the queen of your country ascended the throne?"
Ma Mudong and Wen Guangming thought for a while and said, "Her Majesty the Queen was crowned in 1559 AD, and the calendar converted into the Ming Dynasty is..."
"Thirty-eight years of Jiajing." Before they could figure it out, Chen had already had the answer and said, "In five or six years, the power has been consolidated, right?"
"It shouldn't be like this." Ma Mudong said respectfully: "The year we left Britain, Her Majesty the Queen promulgated the Supreme Law, and the 'Single Decree', stipulating that the king is the supreme leader of the country and the church at the same time, and is a sage like a sage king." Yes, a queen who led Britain to join the Age of Discovery and defeated Spain, the sea overlord, was of course considered a sage king. ▲Wouldn't Wu Zetian be the one?" Gui Youguang and his men thought to themselves that they were really surprised that women inherited the throne.
Although Chen was very interested in Queen Elizabeth, he was not concerned about Britain most. Because the Queen and her pirates had not dared to dream of defeating the Invincible Armada, he asked the Spanish Lin Sizhe: "How many years have your king Philip II ascended the throne?"
"Your Majesty ascended the throne in 1556 AD, that is, the 35th year of Jiajing, and it has been eight years since then." Lin Sizhe, who deserves his mathematical background, reported it directly. He seemed to be quite dissatisfied with the so-called "saint king of the British, and stroked his golden beard and said proudly: "From the following, this world is led by the kings of the two major powers of the East and the West. The East is naturally the Emperor of the Celestial Dynasty, and the West is the Emperor of our Spain."
"Bah, only you Spanish will think this way." The British of course heard his contempt. The Anglo-Saxons had always been furious and immediately fought back: "It's too arrogant. "Haha, the island countries that are lonely overseas are indeed rich in so-called idiots." Lin Sizhe raised his tone and said: "Our emperor, with Spain, the Netherlands, Sicily, Naples, Francheconte, Milan, all America and part of Africa, the territory is no smaller than that of the Ming Dynasty; our wealth is better than Europe, our navy is invincible to the ocean, our army has just defeated France, and our strength is chasing the Roman Empire! European countries will definitely defeat the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of our emperor!"
"Bah, a thrifty family!" All the people said were facts. The British could only be so angry that they were so angry that they glared at them. The people of the country were not very happy because their identity as the European overlord was indeed snatched away by the Spanish.
From Lin Sizhe, we can also see the current state of Spain. So a gentle scholar who mentioned his country and emperor became so fanatic, not to mention the army and people of this country. If the Ming Dynasty could really move towards the road of rejuvenation, this would be the real enemy.
Although it is still a bit far from talking about revival, Shen suddenly remembered something and asked Lin Sizhe: "Is your king seeking to annex Portugal?"
"It's indeed notorious..." Wen Guangming said afterwards: "The Ming Dynasty thousands of miles away knows Philip II's wolf ambitions." It seems that this matter is an open secret in the West. Philip II's ambitions will indeed bring Spain to an unprecedented height. "What do you know?" Lin Sizhe said: "Our Majesty has half of the Portuguese royal blood, and the Iberian half-island should have been unified."
Several foreigners started arguing again, but Chen He said that they were just quarrels and would not affect their work, so Shen didn't say anything, because his mind had already floated to the South China Sea. This was not a metaphor, but it was really the South China Sea. Spain was destined to annex Portugal. It was just that it would take a long time to see how long Portugal could last. Shen remembered it vaguely, about 1580, and about ten years.
Once the big teeth eat the small teeth, the Portuguese colonies around the world will naturally be accepted by the Spanish, and they can ignore other places, but Shen will never want to let Spain occupy its own back garden.
A world map emerged in my mind. From the west coast of Africa, sailed south from the Cape of Good Hope along the east coast of Africa for a period of time, crossed the Arabian Sea to India, and then traveled from Goa, India to Malacca. This is the lifeline of the Portuguese Empire in the Eastern world... It is also the only maritime route between the East and the West before the Suez Canal was excavated, so it is also called the "Maritime Silk Road" o
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From Malacca and northeast, you can go to Macau and Japan, which is occupied by Xu Hai and Wang Zhi. If you go east, you can enter the Spice Islands in diameter, it is the East Indies, which is named because of its abundant spices. In order to monopolize the European spice market, Portugal colonized with force there.
The Luzon countries were spared because they were vassals of the Ming Dynasty, but the Spaniards had already driven from Mexico on the other side of the ocean and had established colonies in northern Manila, and their fangs would be revealed at any time--o
This is the basic situation of the southern coastal areas of the Ming Dynasty. Because Portugal, which currently ruled Southeast Asia, is still slightly weak, so he maintains awe of the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty's Shangbang team can also travel smoothly on the Maritime Silk Road; but once Spain becomes a landlord, this inflated and powerful master is unlikely to make the Ming Dynasty's merchant fleet so comfortable.
Relying on others' friendly attitude is like relying on the weather to make a living. It is better to hold the waterway in your own hands. Chen decided to wait until he returns to Zhejiang and ask Xu Hai to come back and make a good plan... It is already very good at sea power, at least ten years of planning time. What a great opportunity is this? At the least, he must take Malacca and turn the East India Sea into China's Neihu.
I felt that this matter was still very sure. Shen Shu was in a good mood and full of energy. He didn't look like he hadn't slept all night. On the carriage back, he chatted with his two companions enthusiastically and asked Gui Youguang how he felt today.
Gui Youguang said three points: First, Xitai also has a history of almost a long time. It is also amazing to have so many civilizations; second, the beef is half-baked, and it is cut with a knife and fork, and I feel very uncomfortable; third, Spain is so powerful? Will it pose a threat to the Ming Dynasty?
Chen Ju heard this and said lightly: "How can you allow others to snore on the side of the bed? Whoever dares to touch the barriers of my Ming Dynasty will chop off his hands!" That tough determination made Gui Youguang avatar and also made Zheng Ruozeng's eyes lit up.
Chen saw it and smiled and said, "Mr. Kaiyang is interested in luck, so let's do it with me."
"You haven't convinced me yet..." Zheng Ruozeng shook his head and smiled: "Do you mean that by translating the "Logics", can you solve that problem? You have logic, and the emperor's words will make you lose logic."
"Of course not that." Chen smiled faintly and said, "Actually, the General Translation Bureau has translated a book, but everyone has been ordered to keep silent." "What do you say?" Zheng Ruozeng and Gui Youguang said. "Take it back and read it." Chen pushed a wooden box on the table to Zheng Ruozeng. This was delivered by Chen He himself before getting on the car.
Chapter completed!