Chapter VI Beneficiaries of Science and Technology (1)
Sin-Feng Dansu, the first batch of students who graduated from the Miaomiya Military Academy, is also a trusted person known as a partner by Xu Yang. This person is very sensitive to geographical coordinates and can determine the emerging "ballistic theory" from small details. For details, please refer to the content of Volume 1.
The so-called ballistic theory is the launch method of the gun and cannon system. It uses high-temperature gunpowder gas to expand into the chamber and performs work, pushing the projectiles to shoot out of the bore at a certain speed. During the shooting process of the gun, the movement of the projectile must go through the in-house stage. After it is fired out, the stage of continued to be affected by the gunpowder gas and the flight stage under the action of air resistance, the gravity and inertia forces of the earth. Therefore, gunpowder ballistics is also divided accordingly into internal ballistics that study the internal ballistics of the phenomenon and laws of the gunpowder combustion, material flow, projectile movement and energy conversion in the chamber. Study the internal ballistics of the force and movement laws of the projectile when it passes through the flow field of the bore, as well as the intermediate ballistics of various phenomena that occur with the exhaust process of the gunpowder gas in the chamber. Study the external ballistics of the phenomenon and laws of the projectile flying in the air.
This emerging theory also directly led to the German rocket theory. In July 1937, the first shoulder rocket launcher of the German Third Reich was manufactured. In order to create shells that can be pushed by tail air pressure, the German Supreme Research Institute launched a revolution, named "Rocket Ballistics". Rocket ballistics is divided into rocket internal ballistics or rocket engine principles and rocket external ballistics based on the phenomena occurring inside the rocket engine and the phenomenon of the entire body flying in the air.
The solid military industry of the Third Reich of Germany played a crucial role here. As long as you think of something, Germany has the technology to conduct various experiments. The existence of the German Military Industry Alliance Commission directly became the main channel for exchanges among scholars and experts. Einstein and others, who were rescued and retained during the turmoil in 1936, have been doing relevant research at the German Institute for Most Needed Research:
According to the nature of the discipline, ballistics in the gun and ballistics in the rocket basically belong to the same discipline, collectively called internal ballistics; ballistics in the gun and ballistics in the rocket belong to another discipline, collectively called external ballistics. In the process of ballistics, the study of the motion laws of the projectiles in the target area, the mechanism of action and power effects of the target has formed a special academic field, called end ballistics. It together with ballistics, intermediate ballistics and external ballistics, forms a complete system of ballistics.
Ballistics is the theoretical basis for weapon design and use. The purpose of studying ballistics is to apply the full ballistic view to guide the design, use and improvement of weapons in theory and practice, so that the weapons can reach the expected range, shooting accuracy and tactical effect under the optimized conditions, and ensure the consistency of repeated shooting performance. This guiding role shows that ballistics occupies an important position in the research on various relevant disciplines for launching weapons.
With mature ballistics, German artillery fired accurately and reached a terrifying probability. The most affected were the mobile self-propelled cannons led by tanks: 'self-propelled assault guns, 'self-propelled howitzers, 'self-propelled cannons' and other related artillery techniques.
During the German military reconstruction period in 1935, a terrifying plan was re-proposed, that was the "Train Cannon" plan. The earliest record of the use of train cannons can be traced back to 162 and used by the Allies. There was almost no major development in the following 50 years. Until World War I, Germany developed a series of horrifying train cannons, such as the "Big Belsa". The "Big Belsa" is a 21-centimeter-caliber long-range cannon with limited mobility and is generally
It is arranged in a fortress or special military base at the railway jack. It is usually parked in a tunnel and only sails out when it is necessary to open fire. The later-type artillery barrel is 36 meters long and has a range of more than 120k. The Great Belsa has been in extreme confidentiality during the war, and has done a good job of hiding confidentiality. Although France has investigated "artillery fire that comes from where it comes from" and sent planes to search, nothing has been discovered, and few people have known about its existence until after the war.
During Hitler's administration, what he believed was artilleryism. He personally firmly believed that the truth was within the range of the cannon, and for this, he implemented the "train cannon" plan that had been vigorously developed during World War I again. Under the basis of the "Big Belsa" train cannon, he learned from the experience of the naval large-caliber cannon and studied the train cannons with stronger mobility and more effective use.
The new models have successively developed the 24-cm caliber and range of 20k, the 2-cm caliber k5e, the 3-cm caliber k' with a range of 3-cm caliber Sigfred K' with a range of 47k, and the 0-cm caliber k' with a range of 47k. The 2-cm caliber plan was first proposed as a solution to use existing gun barrels and vehicles, and together with the 21-cm caliber k12, it is a main force in the train gun force.
The initial design work began in 1934, with the design requirement of reaching a range of 50k. During the development process, the experience accumulated by the artillery theory research institute was widely used. The designers of the old manufacturer Krupp came up with a plan, which achieved good balance in all aspects, good operating strokes, and satisfactory caliber under the effective load. After comparing experiments on the 15 cm caliber model, the caliber was finally set at 2 cm 2-k5e. This gun is undoubtedly the best compared to all train guns produced before.
The first K5 was officially put into service in 1936, and from 1940, it was manufactured from the military factory in total. In all aspects, the K5 was designed with classical classics, simple vehicles, outstanding ammunition handling equipment and loading mechanisms, and the slender and long gun body was the origin of it. From production to use, the K5 was highly confidential. By February 1940, the trial production model had entered service. Some of them were manufactured at the NG factory in Hannover, which had previously manufactured 2 cm KRZ.
E and 21 cm of "permanent Bruno" equipment accumulated rich experience. At the beginning, some unpredictable problems arose, mainly because the gun had a total of 12 rifles, and a problem with the bite caused a blast accident. As a solution, a batch of barrels with shallower rifles were put into production. The previous problems did not occur again in this batch of barrels, and all aspects were very satisfactory. So the later production type adopted this type of barrel and there was no problem again. After that, the production of the k5 was carried out at full speed.
Before September 1, 1939, all five k5s produced were secretly transported to the Western Front of the coalition forces, and were hidden thereafter. Generally speaking, train guns are carried by two operating mechanisms in front and rear of the body. The k5 has 6 axles in front and rear respectively. Each axle loads 1 ton. A train gun is composed of a series of carriages, including locomotives, passenger compartments, supply compartments, ammunition compartments, etc. In use, there are two ways to launch train guns, one is to be parked on the railway and the other is to be fixed on a special railway turntable.
During World War I, Germany had the experience of using train guns to attack Paris. In World War I, the French were willing to defend Paris at all costs. They built a simulated city on both sides of the circular area of the Marne River, following the outline of the Seine River, to deceive German pilots. They also added obvious landmarks so that enemy aircraft pilots could easily recognize it. However, the Germans were not deceived for a long time.
[After 7:00 pm on March 23, 191, a sudden explosion occurred in the streets of the north of Paris, the buildings were shaken and the windows were broken. Because no one was injured, the accident was left for a routine investigation. 20 minutes later, a mile and a half apart, a second explosion occurred near Gared Leicester, killing people and seriously injured 13 people. Soon, the French realized that the 20-minute explosion was caused by the enemy in some way. The metal fragments found at the scene and taken out of the body were inspected and found that the metal fragments found on the scene and found that the
The fragments were too thick, unlike bombs. The arms experts agreed that these rough metal thick pieces were all from shell shells. But the closest enemy positions were almost 65 miles away, and the known range of the heaviest cannon at that time was not far from 20 miles. The French were always in the dark, and they did not know that German designers had developed three cannons, each with a range of 75 miles - exactly the distance from Paris to the Saint-Gobain forest where the cannon was placed. The metric system was kilometer range.]
At this time, Sin-Von Dansu was standing in his dormitory and looking at the terrifying ** in the distance, the 12-story building-high gun barrel began to adjust again. This morning, this "Gustav" had fired a 4-ton high explosive bomb in the direction of Paris. Although it was unknown whether it had landed in the center of Paris, after seeing the commotion on the Maginot Line, Major General Yatas, the commander of the train gun, decided to continue firing shells at Paris.
The K5 train cannon hidden near the Barron Forest also fired a 7.1-ton armor-piercing projectile in the direction of Magino at around 11 a.m. According to the report of the reconnaissance plane, it hit a fortress in Metz and successfully destroyed a stacked fortress of the French. This made the 3,500 Germans operating the K5 train cannon extremely excited, but the second shell did not hit the target. Obviously, the first shot was really lucky.
Chapter completed!