The wisdom of the working people surprised Su You again. Although the research and development of ball bearings had not yet been successful, the people of Cheng and Shi's two workshops actually replaced the balls with short cylinders.

Ball bearings have become roller bearings! Not only has the technical difficulty been greatly reduced, it has also increased the compressive strength of the bearings!

Although the roller bearing folding knife is not used, it has fully met the requirements of the ball mill!

Su You personally drew up the next thing and asked the Cheng and Shi families to put the bearings into use immediately.

The Cheng family moved into large-scale equipment, opened water channels, and developed a ball mill that can use water energy to produce 500 kilograms of Sunrise Guanyin soil mud!

The Shi family is still driven by manpower, and the equipment is small, but the precision is extremely high. A bearing is added with a threaded clamp, a blade clamp is added next to it, and a measuring ruler accurate to the centimeter level. A primitive lathe appears in Shijia.

In a room in Jiatiefang!

This is a magic tool for processing cylindrical parts and threads.

After seeing the complicated and delicate manual grinding process of knives, Su You designed two pieces of equipment for his favorite apprentice, a grinder and a belt sander.

A grinder is easy to understand. It means that the bearing rotates with a round grinding wheel, which is used to grind the workpiece.

In fact, jade craftsmen have been using this thing for a long time, and it is called Feituo.

But there is a problem. The rigidity of the grinding wheel will cause the polished iron parts to jump, so it can only be used for rough grinding.

The belt sanding machine uses two wheels to drive an annular belt to rotate. The belt is made by spraying glue with a spray gun and then evenly sprinkling sand of various thicknesses.

One wheel is adjustable. After loading the sanding belt, you can adjust the distance between the two wheels and tighten the sanding belt.

Turn the wheel, and the sanding belt between the wheels will move horizontally, and due to the elasticity of the sanding belt itself, it can offset the beating when using the grinding wheel, and the fit will be better, which can meet the needs of grinding surfaces.

So after making the five-hand feather patterned steel sword embryo, it was simply a piece of cake to grind out the exquisite sword strips.

Shi Tong is already more filial to his little master than to his own father. These two things are directly related to the output of ironware. This is a leap in magnitude. Two machines are enough to produce five new ironwares.

Square!

Su Shi and Su You were at the Tiefang that day. Su You was instructing Shi Tong, while Su Shi was watching the fun.

Shi Tong and Su Shi also became familiar with each other: "What's wrong with Dalang? He comes to see the operation of our workshop every day. It's only right to study and pass the Jinshi."

Su Shi waved his hand and said nonchalantly: "Ji Kang was a great writer, but he didn't just forge iron himself. This is elegance."

Shi Tong didn't believe it: "Da Lang is right, he is deceiving me, Cuo Da."

Su You smiled and said: "There is indeed a record of this matter. Ji Kang and Xiang Xiu were forged together under a big tree. The bell would go to make it. Ji Kang did not show the courtesy and the forging was not finished. The bell went away after a long time.

, Kang said, "Why did you come from what you heard? What did you leave after what you saw?" Hui said, "You came from what you heard, and you left after seeing what you saw." Ignore Zizhan and let's continue talking about the four fires."

"The so-called four fires are the four basic processes of overall heat treatment, namely annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering."

"Annealing is to heat the workpiece to an appropriate temperature, use different holding times according to the material and workpiece size, and then slowly cool it. The purpose is to make the internal structure of the metal reach or approach an equilibrium state and obtain good process performance and usability."

"For example, if you want to increase the toughness, ductility, and elasticity of iron sheets, you need to use this process. In fact, you should be familiar with it."

Shi Tong said: "Yes, the annealed iron sheet will become very soft."

Su You nodded: "The second type is called normalizing. It heats the workpiece to a suitable temperature and then cools it in the air. Without the heat preservation process of annealing, the effect obtained is very similar to that of annealing, except that the iron structure obtained is finer.

, is also often used to improve the cutting performance and elasticity of materials, which is very important for us to create feather pattern steel."

"Once the feather pattern steel is formed, it cannot be forged, otherwise it will change the shape of the pattern texture, so it can only be shaped by grinding and cutting."

"If the flower steel is too hard, it will be much more difficult to grind, so it needs to be softened first and then processed. This requires the normalizing process."

Shi Tong nodded: "The two fires at the back are the process of making the feather pattern steel harden again, right master?"

Su You said: "Yes, but we only require that the blade part of the sword be hardened, while the stem part must retain a certain degree of toughness so that the sword is not easy to break, so different processing methods are required for quenching."

"You have already used the old method, that is..."

Shi Tongfu reaches his soul: "Cover the earth and burn the blade!"

Su You said: "Yes, in this way, the blade part cools quickly and the hardness increases. The soil-covered part cools slowly. The hardness is not as good as the blade, but the toughness is better."

Shi Tong grinned: "I'm familiar with this, but I just don't know the name."

Su You said: "The brittleness of the steel sword obtained in this way is still too high. There is no problem with a short blade such as a folding knife. However, as a two-foot-four-inch magic sword, in order to reduce the brittleness of the steel parts, it is necessary to quench the steel sword.

The steel sword is kept warm for a long time at an appropriate temperature higher than room temperature but lower than the briquette furnace, and then cooled. This process is called tempering."

Shi Tong exclaimed: "Master is really Ou Ye's reincarnation. With these four fires and five magic swords, he can be called a magic weapon in the world, right?"

Su You smiled and said: "Don't be too happy. There is a problem with heat treatment. Repeated high temperatures can easily cause decarburization on the surface of the steel sword. We have said before that the amount of carbon contained in iron is directly related to the hardness."

Shi Tong couldn't laugh anymore: "How to do it?"

Su Shi picked up a small iron ball and flicked it at him: "Silly! Logically speaking, if you leave some excess before processing, and then grind off the decarburized layer after finishing, wouldn't it be over? Is what I said, Mingrun, correct?

"

Su You smiled and said: "It's just a sword, it's not an object that requires extreme precision and immutability! Zizhan is absolutely right."

"The purpose of science and engineering is to guide production. There are many ways to get what you want. But using the simplest method to get the best quality and largest quantity of products is the pursuit of efficiency in science and engineering."

"You must keep in mind that this is a practical science. If you can think of changing ball bearings to roller bearings, you have done a very good job. This idea must be maintained and carried forward!"

This is when a boy from the Cheng family came running to the door: "Young Master, there is a letter from the Little Heavenly Master!"

Su You took the letter, read it, and handed it to Su Shi: "It's not a fuel-efficient lamp."

Su Shi opened the letter and saw that it read: "A virtuous agreement is like a face-to-face relationship: a farewell by the river is as short as ten days, like three autumns."

"My brother has been trying to figure out the laws of the elemental cycle day and night, doing experiments, and gradually he has become foolish."

"When iron and oxygen are combined, three things should be obtained: one of them is blue, and when compared by measurement, it is iron trioxide; one is red ocher, and it should be iron dioxide. However, based on the price theory, there should be another one.

The substance is iron dioxide, but the experiments have yielded no results. I don’t know whether it is true or not. I hope I can tell you."

"In addition, because the Chinese characters are too complicated, the elder brother followed the younger brother's example and took the Taoist runes to make another table. The text uses the yin and yang physical properties as symbols, and he is good at writing and memorizing. Brothers are sincere and should represent the heaven and the sun. They must know that brothers are not desires.

He is arrogant and wants to take away his younger brother's merit."

"Attached to the list and the post, I hope that my brother will not hesitate to return to Islam."

There is a strange symbol added at the end, which should be Zhang Tianshi's unique signature.

Su Shi looked at the form attached to the letter and asked: "What is this? I can't understand it... Well, wait, this first rune is supposed to be the Qi of the Supreme Purity and the Floating Sky... And this,

Woody and earthy, weird, very weird..."
Chapter completed!