In the void of the solar system, a huge planet revolves around the sun like the long years in the past. However, unlike most planets in the solar system, the autobiography of this planet actually moves from east to west, which is completely opposite to the earth. If it is on Mars, the sun will come out to the west and set in the east.

Mars is moving slowly along its orbit, and the Ocean spacecraft is getting closer and closer to Mars. With about two days left before Mars, the reverse deceleration plasma engine on the spacecraft begins to work, and the speed of the spacecraft begins to decrease continuously so that it can be captured by Mars' gravity at that time.

"Didi~~" Although there is still one day's trip before Mars, the scientists led by Li Fu have begun to work in full swing, and all the instruments are turned on, and all the data on Mars will be released soon.

When on Earth, scientists can measure distant celestial bodies based on various instruments such as astronomical telescopes, and the data is very accurate. The scientists of Fuyun Group are so close to Mars, so there is no problem at all, and they can obtain more accurate data.

Mars has a mass of 6.4219×1023kg, about 1/10 of the Earth and 9 times that of the Moon (this place can reflect the importance of the Moon to humans, and the planet closest to you is only 9 times heavier than the Moon), the diameter is half of the Earth, the volume is only 15% of the Earth, and the surface area is only the same as the Earth's land area.

The surface gravity is about 2.5 times that of the moon and 2/5 of the earth. That is to say, the ants weighing 2 pounds can be lifted on the earth, and objects weighing 5 pounds can be lifted on Mars (Uh, can ants lift such heavy things? Author Bacteria).

The autobiography period is 24.6229 hours, and the Earth's 23 hours, 56 minutes and 3 seconds, which means that the Mars' day is 24 hours or more, and the Earth's orbital period is 687 days, and the Earth's orbital period is 365.24219 days, which means that the Mars' year is 687 days, and Earth's people are about to spend two years, and Mars' people are only in the first year.

Compared to Earth, there is only one younger brother - the moon, Mars has two satellites, Phobos and Phobos, but the mass of my younger brother is not at the same level. There are so many satellites on Mars that can only be considered meteorites of large dots. The shapes are very irregular, and they can't even be considered balls. They really can't even be considered balls. The mass of the two satellites is not enough to form enough gravity to shape their own image, which is completely different from our moon.

The orbit of Mars is elliptical, so the temperature difference between the perihelion and ahelion is nearly 160 degrees Celsius in places where the sun is illuminated, which has a huge impact on the climate of Mars.

The average temperature on Mars is about minus 63 degrees, but it has a huge temperature difference from minus 133 degrees in winter to nearly 27 degrees during the day in summer. That is to say, most of the time here is colder than the coldest North and South Poles on the earth. It even reaches minus 133 degrees at the coldest time, and it is only 27 degrees at the hottest time. The temperature difference changes greatly. Even Penguin said that it will be frozen, let alone humans. It is too cold here, so let's go back to Earth.

The atmospheric density of Mars is only about 1% of that of the Earth. It is very dry and has low temperatures. The average surface temperature is below minus 55℃. Water and carbon dioxide are prone to freeze. The main components of the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (95.3%), nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%), traces of oxygen (0.15%) and water vapor (0.03%).

The main components of the earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, accounting for 78.1%, oxygen account for 20.9%, argon account for 0.93%, and a small amount of carbon dioxide, rare gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon) and water vapor.

Comparing this, we found that the atmospheric component of Mars is too high, and oxygen is almost negligible. The difference is not large in rare gases, and it is not suitable for the survival of people on Earth. The atmosphere is small and the oxygen content is too low!

...

"Can this place be transformed into a place suitable for human habitation? It's simply impossible to accomplish!" Faced with such harsh conditions, even the omnipotent scientists shook their heads. It was too difficult!

"It's interesting to be difficult. We scientists just need to accomplish those impossible things!" Li Fu shook his head when he saw other scientists, and hurriedly cheered everyone up.

"Li Fu, this Mars is all easy to say, it is the atmosphere and water. I think it is the biggest test. When the temperature is low, we test to increase the light by erecting reflectors in space to increase the light and increase the temperature, but this water and atmosphere..."

Li Fu's teacher Liu Yi looked at the data on Mars one by one, and couldn't help but shake his head.

"Don't worry, let's look at the North and South Poles of Mars. The reflectivity here is very high. Maybe as Uncle Sam's scientists estimate, there is really solid carbon dioxide here. Maybe there will be water in the deep layer of it. And if you look at the ancient lakes and rivers on Mars, I think there is really water on Mars!" Compared to others, Li Fu seems more confident.

"The temperature is so low, even if there is liquid, it is not necessarily water!" Liu Shiying shook her head and opposed Li Fu's optimism. This is how scientists are. I don't care who you are. As long as you can't convince me and can't come up with real evidence, I dare to oppose you.

"I will know whether there is water tomorrow. Then I will know if I go directly to Mars to get some samples back!" Li Fu smiled.

As we get closer and closer to Mars, the data obtained by scientists are constantly correcting. The red Mars is gradually amplified. Because of the thin atmosphere, the surface of Mars can be clearly observed from Mars' space, and the entire planet is red and yellow.

Mars is basically a desert planet, with surface dunes and gravel everywhere, Mars is relatively inactive in geological activities, and most of the surface landforms were formed in ancient times, with dense craters, volcanoes and canyons, including the highest mountain in the solar system, Mount Olympus, and the largest canyon, the Mariner Canyon.

Another unique topographic feature is the obvious difference between the northern and southern hemispheres. The south is an ancient highland full of craters, and the north is a younger plain, with very obvious differences.

At the same time, as I saw before, there is a thick layer of polar crowns on the north and south poles of Mars. As for the components, scientists can completely determine it, that is dry ice and water!

"There is really water on Mars!" After confirmation, many scientists, including Liu Yi, were ecstatic and the questions that had been plaguing Earth scientists for hundreds of years were finally answered accurately.

You should know that since the last century, when humans' eyes shifted from the Earth to the interstellar universe, Mars has always been the future that humans imagined for future immigration. The debate on whether there is water on Mars has always troubled scientists on Earth. Uncle Sam and the Great Polar Bear have even launched many probes to Mars.

However, due to the limited technology and long distance issues, the question of whether Mars has water has not been answered accurately.

Now, scientists who have reached the orbit of Mars can finally be sure that the polar crowns covered by the north and south poles of Mars really contain water, and the water content should be quite small.

"There is really water!" Li Fu, who also received the accurate news, also smiled. The most urgent thing he needed to transform the planet for immigration is water! As long as there is water, other conditions can be transformed using scientific means, but if there is no water, nothing will be wasted!

You can't say that water is transported from the earth. You should know that even with the huge volume of the "Ocean", you can't transport much water at once. This amount of water is even more insignificant to a planet.

"If all these ice on Mars melt, it can increase the current Mars atmosphere density by 20 times, that is, reach 20% of the earth's atmosphere density. At the same time, it can also obtain about 10,000 cubic kilometers of water, only 1/35 of the earth's freshwater resources and 1/130,000 of the earth's water resources!"

Li Quanjiang frowned and calculated the water resources on Mars. Mars has water, but this water is too little! It is only 1/35 of the freshwater resources on the earth, and one-thirty thousand of the water resources on the earth, too little!

Such a little water resource, except for all kinds of unusable and emitting into the air, will be less water that can be used by humans at that time!

There is water, but the amount is too small, which makes the scientists who have just been happy and shake their heads again!

However, the density of the atmosphere can be increased by 20 times, which is very good. You should know that the ice here is basically composed of dry ice and water. After melting them, carbon dioxide can be raised into the atmosphere to increase the density of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which is very helpful in increasing the temperature of Mars.

"Li Fu, this water is too little, and it is not enough with mud. The extreme crown carbon dioxide content in the north and south poles of Mars is too high, and the water content is too little." Liu Shiying said helplessly. The mud he mentioned refers to the water evaporated and landing on Mars through precipitation.

"Things have to be seen in two ways. There is water on this Mars. Maybe there will be liquid water under the thick ice crowns of the north and south of Mars. Maybe the original life will be found."

Compared to the disappointment of others, Liu Yi was very happy. Although the water content on Mars is small, it is not water after all. If there is water, there may be life. This is very helpful for him to study the origin of life and extraterrestrial life.

"Unless there is a lot of water underground on Mars, the amount of water discovered by Mars is not enough to transform Mars into a planet suitable for human habitation!" Liu Shiying shook his head, still obsessed with whether it can transform Mars into a new cradle of mankind.

"If Mars is to be transformed into a planet suitable for human habitation, the water resources needed must be at least covered with the plains of the northern hemisphere of Mars. The water resources needed are at least 30 times that of now, that is, it is enough to move all the fresh water on the earth."

"Don't worry, there will be bread, houses, and water will naturally be there." Li Fu said with a firm statement that a large amount of water was found on Mars, so scientists estimate that Jupiter's moon contains a large amount of water resources will probably not be wrong.

Water resources are widely present in the universe. Some studies believe that Europa contains several times more water resources than the entire earth.

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Chapter completed!