The glaze of your kiln is thick, and there are a few bubbles in the glaze, which appear and disappear under the light, like the twinkling of morning stars.

However, unlike the entrance of Guan Ge kiln, these sparse bubbles are embedded in the middle and lower part of the glaze layer. Another part of the bubbles hidden at the bottom of the glaze layer is even difficult to see through the glaze surface.

The bubbles in Guange porcelain are obviously clear, and they often overflow to the surface of the porcelain to form "brown eyes", while the bubbles in Ru kiln are "brown eyes in the juice, hidden into crab claws", which is not only very different from the porcelain of the same generation, but also has "brown eyes" in the juice.

And it has made it extremely difficult for previous generations of imitations to copy.

This is also a special phenomenon unique to agate glaze. Because the viscosity of agate is so strong that the air in the glaze and matrix cannot escape normally during the firing process. Most of it is enclosed in the lower layer of the glaze, and due to vitrification

The feeling is not strong enough, so these bubbles are looming and mixed in the cracked ice texture, which gives the porcelain an additional layer of mysterious beauty.

"Blue as the sky, face as jade, as few as morning stars, and patterns as cicada wings." Zhou Zhi is now very confident: "Feng Lao, the former president of the Chinese Ancient Ceramics Research Association, once said: 'The glaze color of Ru kiln is the most difficult to imitate.

, is much more difficult than Ding, Jun, Yao and other kilns, so the products handed down from ancient times are not authentic at all.'"

"So this is a Southern Song Dynasty Ru kiln."

In fact, there is another important identification feature, which is the "precious light" on the appliance.

This is an age characteristic of old porcelain, which is called "Baoguang restrained" in jargon.

The so-called porcelain is actually a layer of glass glaze wrapped around the pottery for protection and decoration, which greatly enhances the use value and appreciation value of the pottery.

The glass glaze of porcelain that has just come out of the kiln is transparent and bright, and it is extremely smooth. However, in the art world, this is a sign that the thing is not old. Therefore, the glaze reflection at this time is called "stealing light".

During long-term use and display, the surface of porcelain will also experience slight weathering, causing the glaze color of the porcelain to appear and gradually fade away, giving the porcelain an increasingly lustrous "age feel".

In the jargon, it is "a thief". When the thief's light disappears, it becomes a "baoguang", and the porcelain becomes a truly valuable antique.

Therefore, it is inevitable for later generations to fake porcelain and throw away the luster. There are only a few techniques, the physical one is polishing, and the chemical one is pickling.

However, these two methods can only deceive laymen, because the degree of weathering of real old porcelain is different in different parts such as the base, mouth edge, protruding belly, and concave belly.

Matte counterfeiting will generally leave regular wear marks, and the depth is basically the same, which is different from the scattered wear marks left naturally.

The same is true for the bite marks on the glaze caused by chemical methods. Not only the roughness is the same, but the physical scratches and the depth of the slice are very different.

For Ru kiln, the difficulty of counterfeiting is even higher.

"I've developed my elbow vision." The fourth cousin finally smiled with satisfaction this time: "There are only nine and a half pieces of Ru kiln collections known in the world that are among the people. Although yours is a bit small, it is rare.

It is separate and has both top and bottom. It is a complete product of split type. Among the nearly 80 pieces of porcelain in the world, including museums, this is even the only one."

"So don't look at a small box as big as your palm. Its value is no worse than your Longquan Kiln and Yuan Qinghua jars with lotus leaf lids, or even more."

"I never thought there would be such a leak..." Zhou Zhi couldn't help but feel happy: "Uh... what should I call this thing if it's not enough? The shape of the device is quite weird..."

"Don't you know how to open it and take a look?" said the fourth aunt with a smile.

"Oh yes," Zhou Zhi quickly opened the porcelain box carefully and found a red paint inside, which had dried due to age: "Is this... cinnabar?"

"Zhu Qi, it's mixed with honey." The fourth aunt said reproachfully: "You are also an expert in calligraphy, so you don't have to make people laugh at you."

"Then this is... ink pad?"

"Yes, old ink pad."

There are two types of ink pads, namely cinnabar and cinnabar.

The so-called cinnabar ink pad is made from the cinnabar that settles on the bottom layer when cinnabar is bleached. The seal produced is red with purple, thick and calm;

The so-called Zhuji seal mud is made from cinnabar fine powder floating on the upper layer. The resulting seal is reddish yellow and has an elegant color.

Relatively speaking, cinnabar ink pad is suitable for sealing seals with white text; cinnabar ink pad is suitable for sealing seals with red text.

Seals were commonly used during the Qin and Han Dynasties, but those seals did not use ink pads. Instead, they were covered on wax cakes and mud cakes, which were called "wax seals" and "mud seals."

From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, people began to mix cinnabar with water, mainly atractylodes liquid, and use a brush to brush the bottom of the seal and cover it on silk and paper. The most primitive "ink pad" began to appear.

However, after the water dries, the cinnabar easily falls off, so people began to look for a curing agent.

The first curing agent is what Zhou Zhi mixes into the box of ink pad now - honey.

After the honey itself has been concentrated, the cinnabar itself is also highly toxic, so even after being stored for thousands of years, the box of ink pad in Zhou Zhi's hand, in addition to being severely dehydrated, is still a beautiful "palace wall red".

"It turns out this is an ink pad box." Zhou Zhi said with a smile.

"Yes, it's still the earliest honey mud." The fourth aunt said: "Look, this is the fan I repaired with the Zhu Qi in this hard box. Is it perfect?"

The fan is a small painting, in the style of a round fan, on a silk background. The painting shows a scene at a corner by the lake, with lush forests and bamboos, beautiful mountains and clear waters, and the brushstrokes are extremely delicate and delicate.

There is only one line of Zhong Yao-style regular script and a seal on the scroll. The small script is written on the willow tree trunk by the lake in the picture, and the content is "Jiading Xinwei Liu Song New Year Painting".

The seal is a small seal in Zhuwen. Zhou Zhi carefully identified it, but it has the four words "Qingbomenxia".

"Who is this?" Zhou Zhi was not familiar with this person.

"It's time to memorize "Xuanhe Painting Book"." The fourth cousin said: "At any rate, you are also a collector of famous paintings and calligraphy from the Song Dynasty. It's time to memorize "Xuanhe Painting Book"."

"Is he famous?"

"He is a famous court painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. He experienced the three dynasties of Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong. He also worked on ink and green landscapes and figures. His rubbing method was influenced by Li Tang. His brushwork is exquisite, beautiful and elegant. He often painted scenic spots in the West Lake. Because his subjects were many gardens and small

The scenery is known as ‘Xiaojing Landscape’.”

"He is Zhang Dunli's apprentice. Together with Li Tang, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, he is known as the "Four Southern Song Dynasty Masters". We must remember this from now on."

"I know about the latter two families, and I also know about Zhang Dunli, the emperor's consort, right? Liu Songnian is still his apprentice?"

"Yes, that's Zhang Dunli."

"Then I can add a few more chapters to "Su Chu". The two princesses are good friends of the heroine, and the consort Zhang Dunli is also a relatively important supporting role in it." Zhou Zhi smiled happily.

"If this can help you remember more knowledge, I agree." The fourth cousin said angrily.

"Elbow, look at this seal." The fourth aunt said: "It was repaired with old seal pad. How about it?"

"There is indeed no color difference, so the Qingbo disciple is Liu Songnian's nickname?"

"That's not true." said the fourth aunt: "In his early years, Liu Songnian and his brother lived in Qingbo Gate, Qiantang with their father, so they called themselves Qingbo. However, Qingbo Gate was also called the South 'Secret Gate', so he often joked about another nickname.

'Secret Door Liu'."


Chapter completed!