Chapter 522 Folk Kiln National Treasure

Zhou Zhi said: "It seems that Uncle Chai is someone who has paid attention to blue and white. I also like it very much. We can just communicate with each other."

Lao Chai had his own idea: "You said it yourself, elbow. There were no official kilns before the Song Dynasty, but this blue and white was only available in the Ming Dynasty. At this time, there were already official kilns, so naturally we should try our best to maintain high standards when collecting."

Come on."

Zhou Zhi said: "This is the truth, but the blue and white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty has many characteristics that are different from those before and after, so we cannot rigidly generalize."

"I wonder if Uncle Chai knows the history of Qinghua?"

"Understand that blue and white first started in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. There were very few blue and white flowers in the Song Dynasty. It gradually began to take shape in the Yuan Dynasty. By the Ming Dynasty, the craftsmanship matured. Official kiln porcelain reached its peak in the Yongxuan period, while folk kilns... can only be said to have distinctive characteristics.

There are quite a few fine products in the middle and later stages.”

"Does Uncle Chai know how these fine products are developed?"

"It feels like... maybe the technology of the official kiln has been leaked, right?" Lao Chai thought for a moment: "Just like the current technology dissemination, many large state-owned factories cannot continue to work, and workers and technicians have gone to work in private factories.

The technology will spread."

"Yes, not entirely." Zhou Zhi smiled and said: "The craftsman household system of Lao Zhu's family in the Ming government was very harsh on JDZ's kiln workers. It was fine in the early days, but after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the decline in national power, the supply of

Imperial porcelain is divided into two categories: one is 'Qin limit', which is the imperial product; the other is 'Min limit', which is reward gift."

"The reason for this classification is that the production technology of private kilns has continued to improve, and the quality of the porcelain produced is comparable to that of official kilns. Therefore, through clever calculations and exploitation, the government simply let the official kilns be responsible for firing some restricted porcelain, and truly provided

The imperial porcelain used by the royal family was made using the method of 'official and civilian firing'."

"The so-called 'official-fired porcelain fired by the people' is a temporary measure in which the imperial porcelain factory is unable to complete the firing tasks assigned by the palace, so it allocates part of the porcelain to private kilns for completion."

"Later, the expediency turned into a system. With the eunuch as the kiln supervisor, he would select the best kiln, occupy the best kiln position, and order the kiln to fire on his behalf. After firing, the finished product would be strictly inspected.

After inspection, if there is any slight defect, the kiln will be asked to compensate.”

"And in order to compensate for the excess, the porcelain that is 'delicate, brittle, and the most difficult to make' is specially handed over to private kilns for firing. If the firing fails, you will have to pay for it, or go to the imperial porcelain factory to buy qualified porcelain to replace it.

"

"The Ming Dynasty's system of government-private relations was a very cruel relationship of exploitation and exploitation, but one advantage was that it opened a window for exchanges between the government and the people and began to interact."

"Because for a long time, the craftsmen of the imperial kiln factory were the best batch of blank making and painting craftsmen. The meaning of 'official building' originally refers to the selection of the best location from the blank making to entering the kiln.

, this part of the work is completed by the imperial kiln factory, and the private kiln owner is only responsible for firing."

"After that, there was nothing new under the sun. 'Guan Da' gradually evolved into 'Guan Du', and those workers gradually evolved into master craftsmen of folk kilns, completing the improvement of folk kiln craftsmanship in disguise."

"The private kilns produced imperial porcelain, and the selection was extremely strict, and the most exquisite products were selected as imperial porcelain. The rest, the Ming Dynasty royal family forcibly sold them to private kiln owners."

"Despite all the drawbacks, the craftsmanship of folk kilns has finally reached a level that is not inferior to that of official kilns. Of course, the custom made by famous artists is also a folk kiln, and the pickle jars in ordinary people's homes are also folk kilns. The difference here is huge."

“So we need to select the best products from there.”

After speaking, he pointed to a plate on the table: "For example, this one."

Lao Chai picked up the plate and found that it was a character plate with the four words "Rinpo Jiaozhi" written on the bottom.

This is a non-chronological model, a standard feature of folk kilns in Ming Dynasty blue and white. No matter how beautiful the shape of the vessel is, how elegant the picture is, how beautiful the hair color is, and how shiny the glaze color is, I would not dare to do it before.

Because it is difficult to tell the age, it is even harder to tell the authenticity.

"This is the Apocalypse Blue and White Flower." Zhou Zhi said.

"Brother Xiao Zhou, please explain it to us in more detail."

"I won't talk about the hair color, glaze, etc. Uncle Chai should be able to identify it. I will only talk about the origin of this base." Zhou Zhi talked eloquently: "After the middle and late Ming Dynasty, among the blue and white porcelain in folk kilns, private firing was the most common.

There began to be more and more utensils, and these utensils usually have a mark, the name of the person who burned them, the hall number, or auspicious words written on them, and some of them also carry the invoice."

“The custom-fired utensils are all relatively finely made, which shows that in the late period, the imperial kiln factory could no longer strictly control the private kilns. The private kilns broke through the various constraints of the official kilns, improved and innovated in firing techniques, and began to have the ability to provide

Some upper-class figures or literati ordered porcelain to be fired."

"The inscriptions on this type of utensils that have been found include 'Wanli Li Yazhu Yong', 'Wanli Cheng Tingzi Made', 'Xuanyin Hall Use' and other words. Among them, two models are very exquisite. The base is 'Rinbo Jiamade'.

' and 'Mi Shiyin'."

"Rinpo was the Taoist eunuch of the Tianqi Dynasty, and Mi Shiyin, also known as Mi Wanzhong, was a famous collector of calligraphy, calligraphy and painting in the Tianqi Dynasty. Therefore, the Tianqi blue and white pieces with these two inscriptions are very exquisite blue and white porcelain."

"Among them, the blue and white ones made by Rinpo Jia are a typical example of 'official and civilian-made' porcelain. They are the 'imperial limited' porcelain exclusively used by the emperor, and are even higher than the 'mini-limited' porcelain used as gifts."

Wait, it’s a pity that not many people know about it now, so they often miss out on good things.”

"Mr. Zhang, is that what Zhuzi said?" Lao Chai was confused when he heard this.

Mr. Zhang nodded: "Identifying the styles of porcelain is a great science. Xu Zhiheng's "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" in the Qing Dynasty said that 'porcelain has styles, which began in the Song Dynasty'. Huang Wei's "History of Porcelain" proposed:'

The date of the porcelain is not from the beginning of the Song Dynasty, and I have seen three items with the "Qianyuan year date"."

"According to modern research, in fact, inscriptions on porcelain first began in the Eastern Han Dynasty."

"Generally speaking, porcelain inscriptions are divided into dynasty inscriptions, stem and branch inscriptions, support inscriptions, pattern inscriptions, hall name inscriptions, room name inscriptions, auspicious language inscriptions, personal name inscriptions, etc. There are even inscriptions in Arabic and model scripts."

"Not only private kilns, but also official kiln porcelain often use non-annual inscriptions. For example, the hall names of Qianlong official kilns include Zhiqintang, Xuhuatang, Yanghetang, Libentang, Hehuitang, Jiayintang, etc.

There are forty-four such as Ninghe Hall, Jingjin Hall, Zhiyuan Hall, and Chunyin Hall.”

"Think about it, how many opportunities will you miss if you only recognize the six words 'Qianlong Year System of the Qing Dynasty'?"

"Rinpo's fine system, rice and stone hidden system, are the blue and white people's life treasures in the Tianqi Dynasty, but this is unmistakable. Therefore, even if you dare to take the same good thing, you can still let it go in vain."

After speaking, he sighed again: "Actually, there are not many of these distinguished porcelains left. Do you know why?"

Lao Chai blushed and said, "Old Zhang, I'm a shameless person. Isn't it just the majority of ignorant people like us? Except for old-fashioned items, we have spoiled the rest until now. There aren't many left."
Chapter completed!