The cold wind in winter roars south from Siberia, and after the accumulation of the Mongolian Plateau, it will continue to sweep the northern land after accumulating momentum. At this time, the grasslands on the banks of the Tula River were yellow, and the bitter north wind was wrapped in the biting cold, blowing the inside and outside of Kulun City. There was nothing else on both sides of the narrow and curved, dirty and muddy roads in the city except for rows of rustling wind and horse flags and prayer drums blown by the wind.

Kulun, called "Bogda Kulun" in Mongolian, means the residential circle of Bogda. Originally, it did not specifically refer to a fixed location. As long as the mobile temple located in "Zhebuzundanbahutuktu" is located, it can be called Kulun.

In the 22nd year of Qianlong's reign, the second generation, Zhebuzundanba Hutuktu passed away shortly after arriving on the banks of the Tula River, and did not migrate again. From then on, this pasture located in the upper reaches of the Selenge River and the north bank of the Tula River became Kulun City.

There were many monks in the place where the living Buddhas stayed, and there were endless Mongolians coming here to worship. Then the handicraftsmen and merchants continued to gather, making agricultural and animal husbandry products that were originally just natural economic conditions a commodity. The emergence of temple fairs also made Kulun the largest city in Mongolia in the middle and early Qing Dynasty, reaching more than 30,000 residents.

In addition, Ulya Sutai, Doronnor and Guihua City were also large towns with a population of more than 10,000 in Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty.

However, Culun is not so much a city as a big town, it is not a city in the strict sense. Decades of development have made the entire city like a large settlement composed of three fortresses.

The garrison city where the government office is located is called "urban Kulun". The "monetary Kulun" composed of temple courtyards is also a shopping mall with many merchants, all of which are surrounded by high wooden fences. The nomadic habits of the Mongolians made them continue to live in yurts even if they settled in the city.

At dusk, as the wind gradually decreased, the crowds in the streets and in the city began to increase. Suddenly, as the bells sounded closer, a fast horse carrying messenger rolled up black and ice-clad soil and rushed into the city from the post road to the north, and went straight to the gate of the wooden fence of the garrison city.

The sound of horse bell woke up the soldiers on duty inside and outside the gate. However, when they saw the letter man in the robe and tightly wrapped around him, no one dared to stop him and allowed him to enter the garrison city. He stopped in front of the office of the Minister of Service of Kulun. After checking the opponent's waist sign and guard guard, the soldiers at the door took the letter package handed over by the opponent and then quickly sent it to the mansion.

In the warm study room as warm as spring, Song Yun, the 38-year-old Kulun service minister, was writing memorials at his desk. When he almost finished the draft, checked it correctly, and was about to copy it on the copy, he heard Goshha outside the door say, "Sir, Chaktu urgently."

Songjun put down his pen, rubbed his somewhat swollen temple, and said in a deep voice: "Pick it in."

After Goshha put the wooden box containing the official letter on the table and stepped down, he took out the document and read it. The document was sent by Dai Peng, the garrison officer of the Chaktu City, and Wu Yi, the officer of the Lifan Academy. However, Song Yun had only read it halfway and his face began to become solemn. When he finished reading the document, a few beads of sweat as big as beans came out from his forehead and dripped down his cheeks.

In the 49th year of Qianlong's reign, a Kulun merchant was robbed by the Briats belonging to Tsarist Russia while selling goods on the Sino-Russian border. On the one hand, the Kulun minister Lebao sent people to investigate the criminals based on the victim's report, and on the other hand, he informed the Russian side to assist in the arrest of the thief. After the Russian side seized the thief, he sent someone to escort to Chaktu. After the two sides jointly tried, he sentenced a criminal to ten times the compensation for the goods to the victim.

However, the case has not been finalized, and the Russian officer sent to escort the prisoners in violation of the relevant provisions of the Treaty of Chikto, and arbitrarily punished the criminals with whipping and then exiled to Siberia.

This made Qianlong angry. In order to punish Russia for violating the Treaty of Chaktu and disrespecting the sovereignty of the Qing court in this case, Qianlong issued an order to interrupt the Chaktu trade.

In order to resolve the dispute as soon as possible, in the 50th year of Qianlong's reign, Song Yun, a cabinet scholar, was sent to handle negotiations. The reason why Qianlong chose him, who was only 34 years old, was his ability first, and secondly, this person was born in Zhenglan Banner Mongolia, proficient in Manchu and Mongolian languages, and also had a high level of Chinese.

However, the unexpected occurrence of Beihai Town caused the Tsarist Russian invasion of Heilongjiang to shatter Songjun's efforts over the past three years of office. Not only did the Qing and Russia trade not reopen, the Russians even lost Irkutsk, and a group of thieves became the target of border trade.

Song Yun is just a big deal. It is impossible for the imperial court to open a business with Beihai Town.

So in the past two years, his main task was to ban border smuggling, cooperate with General Ulya Sutai, supervise the preparations for the two units of Tushetu Khan and Chechen Khan, and at the same time closely monitor whether anyone had an affair with the North Navy.

"I beat ten thousand and ten thousand, but I was defeated again. It was such a bunch of wine and food." After murmured a few words, Song Yun called Goshha outside the door in and said in a deep voice: "Give me my greeting and invite the Deputy General of Khalkha to the office to discuss the matter, which is related to emergency military affairs!"

"Yeah!"

The deputy general of Khalkha that Songjun mentioned was the King of Khalkhazasakdoro, Borjijit Cheddorji. As the deputy general of Khalkha, his main responsibility was to guard Kulun, manage the temples of Hutuktu - that is, the upper lamas of Mongolia and the people of the temple, and assist Songjun in handling border affairs with Tsarist Russia.

More than an hour later, the car d'Orji arrived. Songjun had already changed his clothes in advance and was waiting at the gate for a long time. Seeing the chubby prince walking off the carriage under the servant's service, Songjun hurriedly stepped forward and bowed.

"Greetings to the prince!"

Although Songjun was a first-rank imperial envoy, Cheddorji was not only a prince, but also a noble status. The 58-year-old Tushetukhan was also the 25th generation grandson of Genghis Khan.

This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! "Xiangpu, why are we guys so polite?"

Songjun is also a Mongolian, Marat, and is affiliated with the Mongolian Zhenglan Banner. The Mongolians with this surname live in Chahar for generations, and the Han surnames are mainly Song, Horse, and Words.

After some politeness, the two entered the office and came to the signing room to sit down.

After the servants had served tea, Cheddorji smiled and said, "Xiangpu, it's already late at night. I wonder what urgent things are to find me?"

Songjun handed the report sent by Chaktu to the other party and said with a serious expression: "Prince, the Russians are defeated again this time. This is the urgent report sent by the spy we had installed among the Buryats to the Trade City."

Cheddorji's expression changed, and after taking it, he took it and looked carefully, and he was sweating coldly on his back. He thought to himself that he didn't listen to the plan of General Fu's troops. Otherwise, he would have wanted to steal chickens with his own little man. In the eyes of the North Navy, it would probably not be enough to even have a dish.

He looked incredible and said in surprise: "Xiangpu, they are 100,000 people! In just one day... 100,000 pigs cannot be defeated so quickly! Those Rakshasa soldiers are all musketeers!"

Songjun shook his head and smiled bitterly: "My prince, the pirates in Beihai use a continuous pearl gun, and they can fire several guns in an instant. That cannon can really be destroyed by one cannon for dozens of miles. The court's more than 100,000 troops were unable to resist several times, just Rakshasa soldiers...ah!"

He thought for a while and said, "Prince, as the minister of imperial duty, I, Song Xiangpu, have the responsibility to defend the territory. Even if Kulun City falls, it will be impossible to die to repay the emperor's kindness. But what are the tens of thousands of people in the city? What are the hundreds of thousands of people in Chechen Khan and Tuxitu Khan?"

"Xiangpu, this is too early, why is this?" Cheddorji silently for a while and explained: "It's winter now. Even if the North Pirates defeated Rakshasa, they would not be able to cross the Chakto River to attack Kulun in the cold. According to my king's opinion, Rakshasa is also a great country in thousands of miles, so how could he swallow this? Zhao Ni poked a big hornet's nest this time, so he asked them to fight with Rakshasa with both jade and stone. You and I will sit firmly on Diaoyutai and guard the border strictly."

In fact, this Tu Xietuhan was also afraid of death, but he was cunning and pretended to be as stable as Mount Tai on the surface.

At present, the total strength of Tuxitu Khan's troops is only 7,800. Even if the Chechen Khan's troops next door is only 14,000 troops. It took a day to fight the 100,000 Rakshasa soldiers from the North Sea to fight 100,000 Rakshasa soldiers. I haven't seen this little man in a blink of an eye?

Songjun said: "Prince, let alone the other three ministries, can Tuxitu Khan's tribe recruit another 10,000 troops?"

Cheddorji shivered in his heart when he heard this, and sighed: "If there is enough food and supplies, it will be fine to recruit another 10,000 people, but now... two thousand is the limit."

Song Yunxin said that this was not enough, but he couldn't make the decision on food and grass, so he could only sigh in distress.

Speaking of the Qing Dynasty's management of Khalkha Mongolia, there were rumors everywhere in another time and space. It was like reducing the number of digits, which made Mongolians send male digits to be lamas, which was really true. Many people were poisoned by the diary of "General Christ", thinking that the Qing Dynasty, like the Great Jin Dynasty, had reduced the number of digits against the Mongols.

In fact, the fundamental reason for the weakness of Khalkha Mongol in the Qing Dynasty was not the lama, but the "arrow system"!

According to the archives stored in the Zasaktu Khan Mansion, starting from the Kangxi period, the Qing court set up banners and assistants in the Mongolian region, with 150 archers per rated, of which 50 were active soldiers, 100 were reserve soldiers, and less than 150 were called Yu Ding or Ban Zuo.

From the middle of the Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the total number of subordinates of the four Khalkha tribes remained at about 140, and the total number of arrows was about 21,000.

According to the household registration survey data in the late Qing Dynasty, the four tribes in Mobei, the zombundanba belonging to the Tangnu Wulianghai, totaling 53,550 households, with an average of 4.1 people per capita, about 220,000 households; plus the widows, widows, orphans and lamas, the total is 330,000.

There were obviously not so many people in Mongolia in northern Mo and at the end of the 18th century. If you give a discount, you will have less than 250,000 yuan in total. One-tenth of the population will have to bear the difference, and the proportion is already very high.

To put it bluntly, the role of the Arrow Ding system is to use the number of Arrow Dings of each banner as a benchmark to recruit and dispatch personnel to maintain the Qing court's rule over the vast Mongolian region. This is also why the Qing court has implemented the Zhazak Banner system, which is similar to the Eight Banners system since the Later Jin Dynasty, with military and political integration and military and civilian integration.

In history, the Qing Dynasty did not have many garrisons in the northern desert, and all border defense tasks were completed by the four Khalkha Mongolian tribes.

The four ministries undertake a wide range of court servants. In addition to going to war in war, they also have to undertake various servants such as post stations, military stations, Karen, border patrols, official pastoral factories, military farms, and military farms. They will distribute various types of servants in the court or local military and political institutions in Ulyasutai, Kobdo, Kulun, and Chaktu.

At the same time, they also provided some of the passenger camels and horses needed by the Qing court to control the northern border of Mobei, eat livestock, felt bags and other physical items, or distribute them in silver. They were even sent by the Qing court to other areas outside Mobei to take on various missions.

Because the alliance leader who failed to complete the mission was punished by the Qing court and even removed hereditary title, the four ministries often recruited the children of the arctic and temples to serve as missions.

Indeed, the four tribes of Khalkhatu Xietu, Zasaktu Khan, Chechen Khan and Sanyin Nuoyan protected the northern border for the Qing Dynasty and took on various heavy duty. They were greatly exploited by the Qing court. The people at the bottom of Mongolia were also very poor, but unless the Qing Dynasty did not want the territory of the northern desert, they would be crazy and reduce their territories?!

Furthermore, the Qing Dynasty had strict restrictions on the number of monks who became monks in the four Khalkha Mongolia tribes. If the number of adult men in each tribe was insufficient, they would not be able to complete the heavy duty tasks of the Qing court. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing government's control over Mobei was almost ineffective, which led to a surge in the number of monks in the temple.

You don’t have to accept the fate of becoming a monk!

The situation where many children choose one son to inherit the family business, while the rest become monks were the case, which was later the Mongols who were poor and could not survive, so they could only become monks and seek food and clothing for monks.

This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content behind! According to the "Jazak Yamen Archives of the Khalkha Right Wing Banner", the entire Khalkha Right Wing Banner during the Qianlong period only issued no more than 500 quotas, and there were another 900 temple seats.

You should know that the ancient Mongolian and Tibetan temples were also powerful and nobles. The lamas of the upper class were no less than those princes and nobles. Taking Bailing Temple as an example, the number of livestock in the Guangxu period reached 50,000 at the highest, which made more than half of the herdsmen on the right wing of Khalkha herding the temple.

Killing people and reducing dykes is a matter of the Jin Dynasty, so it’s not a big deal. The lies made up by the Japanese and Russians in order to cause the fact of division have been passed down from generation to generation, and the records of the hearsay of the General Christ are often used as serious historical materials. It’s ridiculous!

An imperial envoy and a prince were trapped in the city of sorrow for a long time, but there was no result in it. When Cheddorji saw that it was not too early, he stood up and said goodbye. However, when he returned home, he called his son Eidobdorji over.

"Ama, are you worried about looking for your son?" Edobdorsi was smoking a cigarette in the house before, and was drinking a little wine. She was suddenly summoned by her father and felt unhappy.

Looking at his son who was drinking with a flushed face, Cheddorji first stepped back and asked his confidant to look outside the yurt, and then asked: "How many cigarettes are brought back this time?"

"Two hundred boxes."

Cheddorji thought about it in his mind. One box was five hundred boxes. According to the calculation that four boxes could make one sheep, this trip was tens of thousands of sheep, which was really a good deal.

"Let Jiang Bula go back and have more conspiracy with them. Except for people who can't give it to them, you can sell them cattle, sheep and horses."

"Ma?" Edobdorsi widened his eyes and said with some concern: "If Songjun found out, it would be a big trouble!"

Cheddorji showed a trace of disdain at the corner of his mouth, waved his son to come close, and whispered: "What do you know? Let me tell you the truth, Rakshasa is defeated again this time, losing 100,000 people!"

"Ah! Then we?"
Chapter completed!