The operation of the Beihai Town Arsenal's weapon test-fire team shocked Helin and several big inner guards. At the same time, they were also very surprised by the exquisite workmanship of the weapons provided by Beihai Town.

In their opinion, the North Navy's shotgun was so exquisite that all parts of different rifles could be interchanged; as for the artillery, except for the entire gun body, gun stand, and even the ammunition truck were made of steel, and the firing meters were completely universal with the same caliber, which was definitely a very magical thing for the Qing Dynasty.

What shocked He Lin the most was that through these weapons of the North Navy, he finally realized a completely different model from the existing firearm system of the Qing Dynasty. He also understood what Kong Shaoan meant by "weapon generation difference". When he thought that the weapons used by the North Navy were more sophisticated and more powerful than those in front of him, a despair couldn't help but surge in his heart.

Speaking of the application of artillery, we should actually talk about three aspects: the first is casting and metallurgy, the second is chemistry, and the third is training and use.

In terms of casting, during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the Manchus of the Qing Dynasty, under the guidance of Jesuit missionaries led by Nan Huairen, the Military Academy cast the first batch of standard artillery that completely conforms to Western theory. The length, weight, caliber, diameter, and even various parts of this batch of artillery were extremely accurate, and it also became the template for all subsequent artillery.

Since the late Ming Dynasty, due to the poor quality of pig iron in China, the casting of artillery uses composite structural technology; the barrel is generally made of two or even three materials, namely iron-core copper body. Although the West and Central Asia had similar processes at the same time, their composite casting level was not as good as that of China, so there was no further development.

However, with Watt's improvement of the steam engine, Westerners, especially the British, jumped directly into the next era. This was the case with the caron cannon sold to Qianlong by the British, using "solid boring technology".

On the other hand, the Qing Dynasty has not been innovated since Nan Huairen. It is not that the Qing Dynasty cannot produce excellent military equipment. It is necessary to know that the best weapons manufacturing craftsmen in China are in the Military Preparation Academy and the Bird Guns. However, under the control of the theory of "monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy", a few skilled craftsmen cannot compete with the disadvantages of the equipment system.

Moreover, because the number of round-casting of standard artillery samples in the Kangxi era was increasing, the error also became larger and larger. In history, by the Daoguang Dynasty, the artillery cast by the Qing court had already "the circumference of the head and tail cannot be considered as a combination of any size, one by one." It was also a cannon that shot ten kilograms of shells. The first time it was cast was 8,000 kilograms, but the second time it was more than 9,000 kilograms.

In 1835, before the outbreak of the Opium War, the Qing court successively added 59 new cannons at various forts in Humen, Guangdong, to cast 8,000 jin and 6,000 jin. However, when the navy admiral Guan Tianpei personally came to the acceptance, he smashed 10 doors on the spot and blew up two wounded soldiers.

The chemical problem is actually gunpowder. The power of a firearm is determined by gunpowder first, and the proportion of the gunpowder formula has a lot to do with the combustion speed and storage. In terms of black gunpowder, the proportion of the gunpowder formula for gunpowder is completely different.

It was after the first Opium War. Chen Jieping, then the admiral of Fujian, tried every means to buy a small bag of British guns for gunpowder. After testing the fire with a gun lift, he found that the range had reached 240 bows, which is 400 meters. The gun was still the original gun, and the range was suddenly increased. After that, Daoguang ordered the Ministry of War to modify the gunpowder ratio and promote it nationwide.

Another thing is training. During the Shunzhi and Kangxi period, due to the endless war, the Qing court stipulated that in September or October each year, the artillery training was conducted in the west of Lugou Bridge for ten days, and the number of shots of each cannon was 100 times. Later, it was changed to the "Fourth and Nine" days in the Spring and Autumn Period.

By the 35th year of Qianlong's reign, after many adjustments, the training time was finally determined to be five times a month, with three shots fired each time, with a shooting distance of 172.5 meters, and the target rate reached fifteen shots and thirteen shots.

The above is still the training standards of the Beijing Firearms Camp. There is no way to say that the Eight Banners and Green Camps in various places. Whether the artillery training in this year and months is not the first priority. Being familiar with the operation and removing the rust of the cannons is the most important thing to check. Therefore, it is easy to raise the muzzle from the distance, how to aim the star pit, and whether the gun position is usable.

According to Li Yansheng, the leader of the Heilongjiang City Artillery Battalion of the former Qing army, before raising troops in Beihai Town, the firearms battalion of Heilongjiang City should have been trained for three days a year. However, since Li Yansheng took office, he had never shot a shot. It was not until Tsarist Russia hit the doorstep that these so-called "artillery soldiers" responded hastily.

Since Qianlong ascended the throne, when the Qing army needed elite gunners in previous large-scale wars, they would all be transferred from the Beijing Firearms and the Military Preparation Institute, and they would also have to bring the quadrant instrument in the Imperial Office.

The last point is the Qing army's firearm combat mode.

The development of the Qing munitions phalanx began with the "Wulan Butong Battle" in the Kangxi era. When it came to the "Zhaomodo Battle" in the decisive battle with Galdan, it laid the basic model of combat in the plains. That is, first use long-range firepower to weaken the morale of the enemy. When it was on the verge of collapse, it opened the gap through side strikes of the cavalry and then defeated it in one fell swoop.

In the history of another time and space, this model continued until the "Ba Liqiao Battle" before it was completed.

By the middle of Qianlong's reign, with the end of the military use in the northwest, the Qing court's military focus began to shift to the southwest. Because the mountains and valleys in the area were deep and dangerous, the firearms could not be arranged, so the application method of firearms changed from focusing on combat formation training to emphasizing personal courage, which was the "Battle of Jinchuan".

According to official records of the Qing Dynasty, the Jinchuan, located on the northwest plateau of Jinchuan, was said that the size of the mountain is very steep and steep. There are watchtowers at the pass, with stones like small towns. The highest one in the middle is like a floating map, or eight or nine zhang, more than ten zhang, or even fifteen or sixteen zhang. There are small holes around the corner to watch, and guns and cannons are used. The dangerous places are set up, which are even more solid, and are called "battle blocks".

This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content behind! (Wori Tusi Guanzhai, the ancient battlefield of the Battle of Jinchuan, the highest one is the "Battle Tower".)

This kind of watchtower cannon with a mountain-splitting cannon similar to a three-pound cannon, at most it will break through the stone wall and will not collapse. Not to mention the Qing army, even if the European army of the same era comes, it will still be a gray-headed and rat-faced, and the losses will be heavy.

During the Second Jinchuan Battle, the Qing army's guns and even gunpowder bombs were launched together, and the Western Army alone consumed 10,000 kilograms of gunpowder per day. Due to terrain problems, many places could not use artillery to shoot flat. They could only build a platform higher than the opponent's tower, and then hang the cannons up and bombard them with high altitude. This is like blowing up the towers, one by one, and if they explode, they have to rush up to fight in close combat.

In the end, the Qing court had no choice but to use the national destruction weapon of the era, the "Sky-Storm Cannon", which is the siege mortar cannon. Then he destroyed one watchtower when he saw one watchtower.

The two "Big and Small Jinchuan Battles" had a profound impact on the Qing army's combat methods. In terms of infantry and cavalry, due to terrain restrictions, the battle formation was difficult to unfold, and the opponent was not a prestigious army, so it put forward higher requirements for individual combat capabilities; for example, there were many training subjects in Jianrui Camp afterwards, and almost all the skills were learned.

It is also because of this that compared with the rate of fire, individual firearms emphasize more on range and power, and the appearance of a gun lift is the most typical representative.

In terms of artillery, heavy artillery, which had extremely lethality in the plains and wilderness areas, was like waste when it came to the mountain danger. It was less powerful than the sky-storming cannon, and it was not as light as the gun, so it was gradually marginalized.

On the test field on the beach, guns and cannons roared, and people who were trying to watch the fun were separated by the North Navy guards. Several big inner guards scratched their ears and heads, and they were itchy. Then they learned how to use these weapons under the guidance of the tester. Kong Shaoan accidentally discovered that He Lin's face became extremely ugly. How to say it, just like the expression he had when he learned that his sister was sick...

While waiting for the cargo to be loaded, He Lin finally couldn't help asking a question while there was no one around.

"Brother Kong, I sincerely ask for advice from someone if I have something to do, and I hope I will give you advice."

Kong Shaoan said politely: "Don't be polite to you, sir, I will definitely say whatever I can."

"Before the rebellion of King Zhao, my Qing Dynasty was peaceful and peaceful, the rivers were clear and the seas were peaceful, and the four people lived and worked in peace. Since the Holy Ancestor, three generations of kings have worked hard to govern, and their civil and military skills have surpassed their previous lives. They have created a prosperous era since their opening, even the Zhenguan Kaiyuan was not as good as the Kaiyuan period. Moreover, the previous Ming Chengxu was gone, so why bother to get involved in the war again? I think my brother is a show of talent, why not serve the court with great skills?"

"Will you wear Qing?..." Kong Shaoan almost let out a word. He felt that He Lin's problem was ridiculous. He didn't know what the situation in the Qing Dynasty was?

From the day he came to Beihai Town, he was indifferent to most of the things in this time and space. He only hoped that Zhao Xin would not stop this project and just let him have money to make money.

After working in the power plant for two years, Kong Shaoan had never seen the miserable situation of disembarking and of course he had never been to the bloody battlefield. He felt that those things had nothing to do with him, just do the work of the power plant well. After Wu An and Jin Kaijun came out, he realized the cruelty of fighting for power and profit, as well as Zhao Xin's skills, and became more cautious afterwards.

It was not until he went to the Civil Affairs Bureau to serve Chen Qingsong as an assistant, and began to accompany Chen Qingsong to inspect the farmland construction project. Every time he saw the villagers, the other party's kind reception and simplicity made him feel a little helpless. Gradually, he also learned about the tragic experiences of these people under the Qing Dynasty.

Only then did Kong Shaoan realize that Zhao Xin and the others were not playing a large-scale game of hegemony, but saving living people. From this he also learned that the so-called "Qianlong Prosperity" was actually the pinnacle of the small peasant economy in feudal society, and political corruption and social contradictions were becoming more and more intense. Since China in history had fallen into decline, what Zhao Xin and the others did might have a different way out.

After a moment of silence, Kong Shaoan lit a cigarette for He Lin and himself, and then slowly said: "Sir He, since you asked this, I'll tell the truth."

"Do you don't know what your elder brother has done? That's hundreds of millions of taels of silver! Qianlong ignored his gaze and only cared about his own enjoyment. The local area was even more corrupt. If he committed a crime, he just had to pay some money to be exempted from crime. It's so ridiculous! As I said, your Qing Dynasty is already rotten to the core!"

"I..." He Lin suddenly became depressed when he heard the other party come up and take Heshen as an example. He wanted to find a crack in the ground to get into it.

After that, He Lin's feeling of loss lasted for many days. When the fleet full of cargo returned to Dagukou, he could barely cheer up under the comfort of Ma Bashisan.

At this time, Qianlong had returned to the Old Summer Palace. When he learned that He Lin had some weapons in the supplies he brought back, both he and Yongyan were extremely surprised. Afterwards, He Lin handed over a sign to ask for a visit and reported the whole trip in detail. Qianlong thought that he had done a good job and praised him very much.

In early November, all the supplies arrived at Fengtai Camp. Qianlong asked Jiaqing Wang Yongyan, Heshen, Fu Chang'an, Wang Jie and others to go to the camp to inspect the various supplies provided by Beihai Town, and arranged for the test firing of the North Navy's weapons at the artillery range in Lugou Bridge in five days.

It is said that the upper class of the Qing court finally saw Beihai Town industrial products other than luxury goods. However, except for the heating treasures that caused a great sensation, the canned pork and beef made everyone amazing, the other things did not achieve the expected results. Whether it was the wind oil essence or the cotton coats, cotton hats, leather boots, etc. made in Beihai Town, they were all scoffed.

Needless to say, the result of the test firing arranged later was, both the range and power made the ministers present look shocked. However, when they learned that the gun medicine formula in Beihai Town was a "secret of not being passed on", they could only spend money to buy it if they wanted to replenish it. Prince Jia Yongyan and others were so angry that they could not help but call Zhao Xin a treacherous. After Qianlong learned of the situation, he immediately sent an order for the Martial Arts Institute and the Imperial Bird Gun Office to imitate it.

This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! What? Cannon shooting requires something called "fire tube" to ignite and launch medicine, joke! Fire fork is not used the same.

Cannon medicine is a secret recipe? Stop teasing! There are many skilled craftsmen in the Qing Dynasty. Can this little trick still be stumped?

The quadrant was actually made so small, which is interesting! The construction office must imitate it. We can't make steel, is it different for copper? Moreover, the things of the North Pirates are really vulgar, and there is not even a carved inscription.

However, the biggest group of people is Bai Tang Amen at the Imperial Ball. After carefully studying the front-mounted muskets in Beihai Town, several craftsmen felt a little crazy; nothing else, but what is this "fire hat"?

During this period, Helin found an opportunity to have a deep conversation with Heshen. He expressed his despair to his brother, and Heshen was also frightened. He immediately decided to let Ma Bashisan quietly transfer part of the silver and treasures from his home and transport them to the warehouse they rented in Anping Port.

By early December, as the gunners of the Firearms Battalion became more and more skillful in operating the 12-pound gun in Beihai Town, Helin's long-awaited appointment finally arrived. He was appointed by Qianlong as Fukang'an's deputy, and led 200 gunners and 500 shotgun soldiers in the Firearms Battalion. They escorted military supplies and rushed to Tibet.

At this time, Fu Kang'an had already led his men to Xining. Even if he entered Tibet, he would not start a fight with Gurkha immediately. It would be fine if he had arrived for one or two months late.

Before the military operation was launched, he had to have extensive contact with the upper class of Tibet, understand justice, gain political support, and pave the way for the establishment of a new post-war charter. At the same time, in order to attack Gurkha, he had to issue a manifesto to the two vassal states, Brookba (Bhutan) and Tsemengxiong (Sikkim).

On the other hand, after occupying Ulyasutai and conducting a brief rest, the Outer Mongolian troops of the Northern Navy immediately sent a regiment and the main force of the Southern Line Detachment to set off again. Hu Ji was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the operation, with Mislang and Zhou Monk as deputy.

After a difficult trek against the wind and snow, and crossing the vast mountains and Gobi, the troops arrived at the Salabrak Station, 70 miles from the city of Kobdo in mid-December.

Zhao Xin once again staged a charlatan method. He took a bus from Ulya Sutai in another time and space to Kobdo, and then drove north to meet with the troops.

You should know that in the winter grassland and desert, and when the army was alone and the enemy was in the west, if Zhao Xin didn't come, Hu Ji and his friends might be frozen to death and starved to death on the Mongolian Plateau.

Unlike the wooden city like Ulya Sutai, Kobdo City suffered floods in the 27th year of Qianlong's reign. The old city, which had already suffered from war, has been abandoned since then. The new city was built completely in the style of the pass; the city wall is more than 1 meter high, more than 5 feet thick, with a circumference of more than 400 feet, and a corner tower is built around it.

Baoning, the left-leaning general of Dingbian, and the Mongolian princes who fled here, thought that the Northern Navy would have to spend this winter and would not take action until the spring of the next year, but now they came. So these people staged a plundering drama again, looting the city of Kobdo, and carrying the green camp soldiers and families who were farming in the local area, retreating westward along the northern foot of Mount Altan, leaving the Northern Navy with a group of Han merchants and Mongolian merchants who were crying and crying.

However, the tens of thousands of people led by Baoning were extremely depressed, and the lords of Zhazak were no longer able to restrain their subordinates. The key was that the Mongolian soldiers saw that they were getting farther and farther away from home, so they ran away at night.

My family is still waiting for me to go back from afar. If I want to go south, I am afraid I will never be able to go back in my life! Forget it, I will be the life of someone else everywhere, so run away!

By the end of December of the 56th year of Qianlong, the Northern Navy's offensive in Khalkha Mongolia finally stopped. Due to the loss of the three central towns, Kulun, Ulyasutai and Kobdo, the Qing Dynasty had basically lost control of the six stations in Outer Mongolia.
Chapter completed!