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Group Tactics Section (Special Terrain Section)

According to the original plan, this lecture should focus on snow terrain, but in the previous lectures, there were many

The tactical application of mountainous and hilly terrain is mentioned for the first time, which includes many application elements of snow terrain.

Due to the amount of terrain, the author decided to expand the content of this lecture to special terrain, including snow/glacier terrain, desert/

Beach terrain, swamp/quicksand terrain, and a proper ending to the advanced chapter.

Snow/glacier terrain

The only formation suitable for marching on snow and glaciers is column, whether it is straight column, diagonal column or

For horizontal columns, it is especially taboo to move in a dense formation. Generally, it is best to line up with a distance of more than five meters between each person.

They move in a certain way, and the standard is to be able to respond/support each other. In addition to guarding against possible enemies, the floating snow

The layers and glacier crevasses are the main potential enemies. Tying tether ropes between team members is the best way to prevent teammates from losing their footing.

Method, in addition, snow boots, crampons, cross anti-fall?? and ski poles for forward travel; snow shoes that can share the weight, snow

Equipment such as sleds are also indispensable. Another important equipment is personal sunglasses, which is to avoid snow blindness and

Sunlight reflected from snow can damage your eyes, as well as personal items such as lip balm, antifreeze cream/lotion, gloves, and woolen socks.

Remember to bring proper preparations. As for combat equipment, use gun protective oil, antifreeze, and lubricants in cold zones/snow/polar areas.

Antifreeze maintenance products for sniper scopes, telescopes, cameras and other optical instruments, antifreeze machinery and true magnetic compasses for polar regions

Ordinary compasses cannot be used for the North and South Poles), as well as ice melting agents that cannot be used to prevent mechanical freezing.

A large amount of preparation is required, and what is most easily overlooked is fuel. The fuel referred to here generally refers to all fuels that can burn.

Burning objects, because in the ice and snow, the biggest danger is freezing to death, and lighting a fire to keep warm is the best way to avoid this

, but there is white snow and mist and there is no grass. What can we burn to keep warm? What should we do if the fuel tank is frozen? The only comfort worth noting is not

You will die of thirst. It is certain that the source of water will not be scarce. Just knock off a piece of ice or grab a ball of snow.

It's a source of pure, delicious water—if you can just let it dissolve.

The team formation and tactical movement in snow and glacier terrain are no different from those in general open terrain.

The application principle is the same as that in open terrain, but it should be noted that the dangers of snow and glaciers mentioned above are the same.

machine, as well as environmental factors, such as whether the sonic boom during shooting can cause an avalanche? When using high-explosive performance ammunition, it is recommended to

??Can the strength of objects and bunkers withstand the impact of ice and large amounts of snow? And whether they can still protect personnel after covering them?

Safety? Can special ammunition such as armor-piercing bombs, high-explosive bombs, and incendiary bombs function in low-temperature environments? Detonators, detonators, etc.

Will the signal, detonating agent, detonator, wireless remote control device and receiving device become ineffective due to freezing at low temperatures?

All issues need to be considered. Even the materials used for bunkers in the jungle are nothing more than soil, branches, grass and leaves.

Even if ordinary Mk2 or M26 grenades cannot completely destroy the bunker, the flames caused by the heat of the explosion

It is also very likely to ignite the materials in the bunker and force the enemy out; but in the snow, even if the fire launcher is used, it will not

It is possible that the bunker made of ice and snow was burned, and the water melted by the high heat refrozen into ice and strengthened the bunker.

Even armor-piercing bullets cannot guarantee absolutely effective penetration, let alone ordinary rifle or submachine gun bullets.

.This is a special consideration for fighting in the snow. You can also call it the rules of the field.

Another field rule in the snow is even more annoying, because there is no absolute rule to follow, and that is distance.

Due to factors such as low temperature and wind, errors often occur in distance judgment in the snow, which is similar to a mirage.

This situation cannot be completely overcome even with the use of optical auxiliary instruments or laser calibration instruments, and generally

The problem that soldiers must face is that there is often a huge gap between the target seen through the target hole and the actual impact point.

Even when firing from the waist, there is a considerable gap between the actual impact and the expected impact, mainly due to the cold air.

The temperature difference caused by the density and high temperature of the bullet will change the volume and mass of the warhead, resulting in spin instability.

Uniform, the ballistics will naturally be affected, thus affecting the actual impact and range. The same phenomenon also plagues the fire

Artillery forward control support and air tendering, this phenomenon makes the special operations team operating in the snow more difficult to obtain external

The availability of support is reduced to a minimum, making absolutely independent combat another feature of snow warfare.

In glacial terrain, a characteristic is that the movement speed of troops is usually extremely slow, mainly due to the slippery surface of the ground.

Yes, if you use crampons, you have to spend a lot of effort to break the ice with each step. If you don’t use crampons, you have to step on it in one step

If you go up, you will either slip or fall, and your self-esteem will be damaged. But if you are injured or the equipment is damaged, it will be a big problem.

Now, when members of the Japan Self-Defense Force’s aerial assault team conduct training in Hokkaido, they most often use traditional straw bags.

The straw rope wrapped around the boots is not only non-slip, lightweight, but also has the function of keeping warm. The biggest disadvantage is that it is not durable and cannot be used.

It won't take long for it to wear out. If it's a long-term mission, you have to bring a big bag. Another problem is

The frayed and fallen straw ropes will reveal the whereabouts of the troops, so they are not practical combat equipment. The Nordic part

National soldiers like to tie animal fur to the outside of their boots to increase friction and warmth, but many professional shoes

The factory also produces a variety of special shoes/boots that are said to be suitable for snow/glacier/polar terrain climate areas, among which Germany

A shoe developed by Adidas that integrates spike soles for track and field competitions, air cushions for basketball shoes, insoles for tennis shoes and jogging shoes.

The comfort of shoes, of course, the durability of military boots and the suitability of mountaineering boots for long-term wear. As usual, this pair of

Special forces boots that have been around for several years are not available for purchase. This only accepts orders from national units and also accepts

Personal customization of special operations personnel, but it is not sold to the public. It is the same as the personal knives of American special operations forces. It is handmade.

It is made and guaranteed to be unique in the world, but you must be a special operations team member to be eligible to place an order, and the price is very high, a four-inch long one

The folding knife retails for more than a complete M-16 rifle, while the boots cost two M-16s and a sniper rifle.

The price of a scope or a high-end HK rifle in the United States including complete accessories, gun cases and shipping costs plus customs duties.

In terms of tactical applications, all tactics applicable to open terrain are applicable to this kind of terrain, including the triangular square, this kind of formation warfare

The technique is to use three fire sectors to point the three directions facing the target area with the tips of two groups, and then attack.

When attacking, it turns into a pocket encirclement tactic, and there are many distribution methods. The simplest configuration method is to use two firepower

The first group surrounded the left and right groups, while the repellent and command groups merged into the third group, and on the third side they attacked the enemies who had escaped under the fire net.

Perform the action of clearing and confirming, but this allocation method is rarely used because the firepower of the third group is too weak;

The second option is to team up with a commander, communications trooper (or operations staff sergeant), a rebuke, and a fire team with heavy firepower.

One member, four people were mixed into the third group, and the second fire team was divided into the first and second groups with the other two fire teams.

Attack groups, each group of four people, occupy the left and right wings of the target. One thing that needs special attention in this configuration method is the fire

The problem of force allocation, since most teams are only equipped with SAW and 40 grenade launchers, the firepower considerations of the three firepower sectors

It needs to be equal. If there is no machine gun support on the third side, does it need to be equipped with one more grenade launcher, or is it just a feint attack?

and observation tasks need to be taken into consideration.

What I mentioned earlier is the equal firepower grouping method. Of course, the number of people and firepower do not necessarily have to be equal. Sometimes

Due to the limitations of terrain and other factors, other configurations will be adopted, but no matter what kind of firepower configuration, firepower

The continuity and distribution of firepower are the key points to consider; for example, if a 3:3:6 staffing configuration is adopted, the front

Among the two groups of personnel, there must be a rifleman, mainly when heavy weapons (machine guns or grenade launchers) are loading or

When other factors prevent the enemy from shooting, the rifleman can provide continuous firepower to continue killing or suppressing the enemy.

Secondly, this group will not be annihilated by the enemy due to loss of firepower, and the other main reason is

It is the integrity of the team and the role of bullying the enemy, but the firepower configuration and personnel distribution are not absolute, although there is a so-called

There are no standards for firepower allocation, but there are no absolutes on the battlefield. Therefore, the formation, firepower, personnel allocation, and offensive advantages

The sequence and method still depend on the on-site terrain, analysis of the situation between the enemy and ourselves, and the commander's on-the-spot judgment.

In addition, the slope search formation is another commonly used formation. Most of the snowfields are also on mountains or hills.

It is best to cooperate with a non-linear attack team on non-planar terrain. The reaction to the battlefield situation is closely related to the team's ability.

In terms of command and operation, this formation has complete advantages because it is composed of several complete firepower sectors.

In other words, this is a small team organized by several teams, and the faces are not complicated.

It is a diagonal formation composed of groups diagonally left or right. In the previous lecture, we mentioned that when marching in the snow, the personnel

Not only can the march of diagonal columns echo each other, but it also has its own advantages in tactical use, which is what it means.

Due to the special organization, the compound slope formation is particularly easy to transfer. The flank encirclement only needs to be designated

It is enough to move all the faces of a certain group to the designated position. At the same time, the double flank and three-face envelopment attack methods are also similar.

Push, the team's surface movement can meet the needs of tactical position deployment. In fact, these formation movements and position changes
To be continued...