In China, academic misconduct is a more common problem than politics. Putting scientific research expenses on daily expenses is already a kind of unspoken rule, and unlike politics, there are very few institutions that manage and supervise academic expenses.

Academician Zou Chenglu once listed an academic person, saying that this gentleman has published 1,500 papers in 30 years, an average of one article per week. He doesn’t do anything and does it specifically copy papers. It’s incredible.

Foreigners are not more ethical. Researchers from the University of Edinburgh conducted a statistical analysis of 21 academic misconduct surveys conducted in the UK between 1986 and 2005. The results found that one in seven researchers knew that colleagues had serious violations of academic norms, such as forging scientific research results. About 46% of scientists reported that the behavior of some of their colleagues in academic research was "questionable", such as "selectively" reporting of research data, and modifying research conclusions under pressure from the research funder.

Japanese beautiful researchers are even more famous. Papers that create fake data and images almost went to the Nobel Prize. This is an example of trying to cheat academic funds but accidentally overwhelmed them.

Of course, the management of Chinese academic circles in the early 1980s was even more relaxed. The satellite story of a million kilograms per mu has not been long since passed. In order to "scientific progress" and to save time and research funds, it is also a common scenario for researchers to forge scientific results under pressure from politicians.

However, when the emperor's new clothes were not exposed, it was a scandal. The yield per mu is 10,000 kilograms and academic misconduct are both the same.

Yang Rui was not sure whether Li Xin would really cheat academically, but papers related to light industry are also difficult. There will be a lot of calculations, a lot of physics and chemistry, which is much more than the tasks for writing winter vacation homework. And to be honest, not every researcher's calculation level has passed.

Li Xin is in his thirties this year, that is, he was born in the 1950s. Elementary and middle schools were basically spent in the revolution. In this case, if he can complete postgraduate education, it is obvious that he has to put in several times the effort of ordinary people, or dozens of times the resources of ordinary people.

Yang Rui didn't ask for help either, and he found Li Xin's paper under the entry of East China Textile Engineering College.

The library at Peking University was well organized, which took Yang Rui some effort, but he still found three papers and published them in three Chinese journals.

After three years of graduate school, I published three papers. This is a pretty good result. No wonder Li Xin wants to continue his academic career.

Yang Rui nodded. Most of the postgraduates in later generations started doing research in the second grade. Only those who are more powerful and meet a powerful supervisor can start from the first grade. Therefore, postgraduates in later generations published one or two papers in three years, with the goal of obtaining a SCI paper.

Graduate students in the 1980s were actually later. They often needed to make up for the lessons during the first year of graduate school and take classes during the second year of graduate school. Fortunately, they didn’t have to find a job. There was always about one and a half years of research time, and the three papers were quite good results.

Yang Rui borrowed three journals and roughly flipped them out first.

The domestic journal evaluation system in the 1980s was very chaotic, but the number of journals was still small, and the overall high-end one was shown.

Li Xin's papers are all good, and all three are experimental papers on amorphous metals. Amorphous metals are actually metal glass. They were hot research in the 1980s. It is indeed a very good direction to continue studying after studying for a doctorate.

However, when Yang Rui read the paper in detail, he discovered the problems in it.

In two of the three papers, the data used were all the same experiment.

This is actually easy to understand. Some experiments are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and cost-effective, and have a small success rate. After finally doing it, I will definitely want to make full use of it.

However, there are many ways to use it. In-depth research and citing the previous article is the most legitimate procedure. However, on the other hand, once the previous article is cited, the originality of this paper will be greatly reduced. If you encounter a strict or unscrupulous reviewer, the chance of being rejected is very high.

For example, Muris, the inventor of PCR, published his first PCR paper in Nature. After his in-depth research, he re-engineered a new experiment, but was rejected by Science because he did not explain the difference from the paper published in Nature. In the end, he had to go to Enzyme Methods.

In order to reduce the chance of being rejected, many paper authors will not cite the previous articles of the same experiment.

This is a gray area, unpopular, but it does exist.

The reviewer has not read every paper, and remembers every paper. Even if he is found to be rejected, there is actually not much trouble. The reviewer is not an academic policeman, and even if he talks a little too much, he will not do anything.

Only a few countries have strict academic management, but even so, scholars are so busy with such high-end academic matters, and it is difficult to achieve real strict management.

Moreover, many scholars are not afraid of punishment, and at most they can quit their jobs and work in a private company. In the environment like China in the 1980s, an ordinary researcher may not have done well in Beijing, but as long as they are willing to leave Beijing, there will still be many local companies to recruit. Therefore, compared with the weak and powerless punishment of academic misconduct, it is more cost-effective to quickly improve professional titles and fame.

Li Xin obviously took a small shortcut.

He did not cite his previous paper, thus turning his second paper into a brand new paper.

Yang Rui read them carefully and quickly understood why.

Li Xin’s two articles are basically the same.

This is much more than the experiment in two articles.

After confirming this point, Yang Rui took out the paper and pen and calculated silently.

After a while, the secrets of Li Xin’s two papers were presented, and they were nothing more than digital games.

The first paper discusses the success rate, the second paper discusses the failure rate, the first paper makes a function curve, and the second paper is replaced by a table.

If you don’t look carefully, you will think that he is overusing it. If you look carefully, you will actually rewrite a paper.

Of course, this is much simpler than doing a experiment once, and maybe you can save the experiment money to have a few good meals.

"If it is reported, it will be at least an internal scandal." Yang Rui thought for a while, put away the three journals and prepared to lend them out to read them again. This is naturally another privilege for him in the library.

The two journals I had read carefully before were closed. When Yang Rui picked up the third journal, he suddenly thought: This guy succeeded once, why did he write a completely different paper? If the paper is true, why would he not reuse it again?

The so-called dog cannot be changed. The methods Li Xin uses now are relatively fresh skills. It’s hard to learn them, and it’s a pity to use them only once.

Yang Rui then sat down, opened the third paper again, and "tasted" it carefully.

As a Chinese graduate student, you must have the ability to identify true and false papers, especially the paper data and results published in Chinese journals. If you don’t use it, don’t use it, otherwise you will build your own paper on the sand. And if you prepare the cost of the paper yourself, that’s even more so. You can’t build the sand on the sand, as it collapses too quickly.

Compared with the cost methods in later generations, Li Xin's methods are much more traditional and classic.

Yang Rui soon discovered a beautiful experimental line from his experimental data.

So beautiful that it is perfectly combined with the paper.

"It seems that I have to find someone to re-made this paper." Yang Rui thought about it and thought of Wei Zhenxue.

...
Chapter completed!