The annual leave ends on the 25th day of the first lunar month, and all government offices start to work. The minds of the Song Dynasty are waiting for the emperor's reception in the courtroom. In the past, everyone would talk and laugh a few times when they meet, especially if they don't see each other for many days. But this Spring Festival

Many of them were tortured by the emperor, and they were embarrassed and frightened. As the saying goes, "Good things do not go out, bad things go thousands of miles." Things may have spread all over the capital, so everyone can't help but feel embarrassed when they meet.

The matter cannot be explained, so I just want to be bored.

Those who were not visited by the emperor were not at peace at this moment. This is not that they were humble and were not troubled. They were worried that the emperor would not be able to visit them, and their colleagues also frightened them.

The emperor has not been delayed, it is like sitting on a bottomless boat and not knowing when it will sink. Instead, it is better to have a happy trip or die. It is always easier than to "prevent thieves" every day. But when it comes to the emperor

I have been troubled by other people's houses but have not come to my own house. I can't say it's jealousy or panic. I always feel that I'm not very excited and have invisibly separated from those "disaster victims" and I don't want to say much.

In the silence, everyone finally waited for the sound of the whip to sound, and the eunuch loudly announced that the ministers would come to court to discuss matters. Everyone hurriedly arranged to enter the Chuigong Hall in turn. At this moment, they were very anxious because everyone wanted to know the purpose of the emperor doing this.

I hope to get the answer from the emperor's words at the court meeting...

Zhao Qiong's advantage is that he has self-knowledge. He knows that his shortcomings are not good at handling political affairs and solving the affairs of his mother-in-law and mother. Therefore, he must rely on scholars to help govern the country. This is also the tradition of all dynasties. He was even better in the Song Dynasty.

It can be considered as inheriting the legacy of the ancestors and inheriting the ancestor system. However, Zhao Qi also understood that it was impossible to let him copy it completely, especially when the country was in danger.

Generally speaking, monarchy is divided into four operating modes: the first mode is called the central control mode, which means that the monarch and bureaucrats have limited control of the army and local governments at all levels; the second mode is called the centralized mode of the court, which is the emperor or

His agents exercise central control independently. The bureaucrats and literati can only agree on routinely; the third model is the autocratic model, and all decisions are made out of the autocratization or conspiracy of the emperor or his agents, although the bureaucrats and literati can

Share administrative power but have no right to participate in decision-making; the fourth model is the dictatorial model, where the monarch or his agent monopolizes the power of the government and the opposition.

Perhaps the first model is the most ideal for the monarchy, but it is also the most difficult to achieve. It should be said to be an ideal thing. Anyway, Zhao Qi's viewpoint is that the political environment when he ascended the throne did not allow him to do that.

Therefore, he adopted the second model, but the bureaucrats and scholars did not agree on routinely. Because the Song Dynasty had already had a mature method in managing state affairs, which made it difficult for him to implement dictatorship. This system

Even modern people, Zhao Jie, is very advanced, and it is not an exaggeration to call it a limited democracy under the feudal monarchy.

The biggest change in the political structure between the Tang and Song dynasties was that the aristocratic politics died before the middle Tang Dynasty, and the status of the monarch also changed accordingly. After the middle Tang Dynasty, a non-identical commoner landlord class appeared, and they eventually replaced the withdrawal of the historical stage.

The identity of the aristocratic landlord class became the basis of the entire regime after the changes in the Tang and Song dynasties. The imperial examination system that began to be implemented after the Sui and Tang dynasties was further expanded and improved after entering the Song dynasty. This imperial examination system that "selects scholars without caring about family background" actually went to the entire

All classes of society open up the possibility of entering the ruling circle through the imperial examination.

The direct consequence of social changes in social class relations during the Tang and Song dynasties was to cultivate a relatively independent literati class through the imperial examination. After this class was formed, it would inevitably enter the bureaucratic circle and express its political demands. Song Taizu's oath monument

The "not killing scholars and officials or writing to the people" in this article is not only a reflection of this social change, but also further promotes this change in policies. The changes in policies and the improvement of status have enabled the scholars and officials to manage the world.

Strengthening them, from the safety of the country and the interests of the people, they all have a subject that is no better than me. They integrate this subject into their achievements in their efforts to survive the world...

In the politics of the Song Dynasty, there was another common term called "national is", which was roughly equivalent to the major plans and guidelines of a certain period as mentioned today. Once the national character is established, it will generally not be easily changed in the short term. Until the next round, the country's

Yes 're sure again.

Since it is a consultation on the country, it is necessary to solicit opinions widely, but due to historical limitations, this scope is often the opinions of scholars. They participated in the formulation of major national policies and guidelines by writing letters and speaking out, supervising the emperor to abide by family laws and advise

Asking the monarch to change the edict, prevent the monarch from issuing edicts within the monarch, and suppress the daughter's queen interfering in politics and power, etc., has indeed played a positive role in participating in politics and making decisions. The highest decision-making power, that is, the imperial power, has also been brought to the ruling class of the country.

The strong constraints on the right to speak and speak.

After a hundred years of development, the construction of the system in the Song Dynasty has gradually matured, and a consensus has been reached in the ruling idea: "The laws of the world should be shared with the world, and there is a minister to guard it to die, even if the emperor cannot do it, it will be private." In the Song Dynasty, "The censors"

Laws are far away from previous generations, and there is a complete set of strict systems and procedures. If the spokesperson is competent in speaking, he has corresponding transfer rules, and the promotion intensity is very high. On the contrary, if

The words and affairs are incompatible, and they are against the emperor's will. They are generally not demoted or transferred. The most serious thing is to be transferred to the first-class official, that is, they are less likely to be paid.

The civil servant politics, broad and sound political system prompted the formation and rise of the literati class's autonomy consciousness in the Song Dynasty. As the mainstay of the bureaucratic group, the scholars consciously and strongly projected their political requirements and social ideals into the monarchy and bureaucratic system. Although at that time, they were still

Taking the monarchy as the premise, but all the scholars, officials and bureaucrats regard themselves as the responsibility for the safety of the world. Fan Zhongyan said: "Anyone who is an official must have personal crimes, and public crimes must be avoided." Therefore, "A case is wrong and discussions are aroused.

, when the chapters are submitted, they often fight for death.”…

Zhao Qi was originally a warrior. He was able to become an emperor and successfully reversed the basic situation of scholarly politics, allowing the imperial power to take the initiative. To put it nicely, he was able to judge the situation and seize the opportunity, but the bad thing was

Take advantage of the situation and robbery!

Zhao Qi understood that if he wanted to revive the Song Dynasty, he had to end the party struggles that lasted for the three dynasties. There could only be one voice in the court, and to do this, he had to decide on his own, that is, to implement autocracy and make the imperial power unique.

.At that time, under the pressure of the Jurchens, the scholars could not bear the heavy responsibility of saving the country and the people, but instead committed the scandal of betraying the country and the royal family. This made Zhao Jie, who came to power at this moment, resist foreign humiliation.

Under the slogan, there are sufficient reasons to suppress the opposition in ideological and speech, and remove some opponents from the court. They also take the opportunity to improve their status as the backbone of the foreign invasion, the military man, and consolidate their own power.

As the war develops in a direction that is beneficial to the Song Dynasty and Zhao Qi's intentional propaganda and confusing, the national consciousness of the Song Dynasty immediately rises, and the slogan of "respecting the king and expelling the barbarians". Driven by the rise of this national consciousness, it prompted the

The scholars transformed into a universal restoration complex and patriotism, and national justice became the mainstream thought of the Song Dynasty. The ideology that emphasizes national integrity among the scholars was generally established and consciously practiced, and the "Death of the Country" became

The highest honor of a scholar. But more importantly, autocratic power has rapidly expanded through this, and the imperial power has gained the upper hand in the court.

Zhao Qiong has always believed that civil society, economic tide and scholars' independence are not completely opposite and mutually exclusive, nor will it hinder the scholars' established outlook on life and values. In the northwest, he activated Zhou Xingji and Chen Guoting.

Yang Shi and others did not exclude the 'utilitarian' scholars as their aides, and they allowed them to teach in road learning, and trained a group of grassroots officials for themselves. After ascending the throne, they were in high positions in the court, so that they could

Theory has become mainstream and has become the content of professors at universities at all levels.

Since there can be different countries in different emperors and different periods, that is, there are different central tasks and political ecology. The implementation of basic national policies in the Song Dynasty also varies from time to time, from person to person, that is, from emperor to time.

Zhao Jie proposed the policy of "developing industry and commerce, encouraging farming" in a timely manner, and vigorously promoted foreign trade, which was successfully implemented with the support of "his own people", and at the same time created a group of new large businessmen.

In every era, officials have higher status than businessmen, so merchants want to cultivate their children to become officials. They have huge wealth as their backing, so they can invite the best teachers to educate their children, let them enter the best schools, and make them

After leaving the businessman team and entering the scholar group, they will definitely speak for their interest groups. And when they don’t forget to dig wells, Zhao Qi also received strong support from this emerging class.

While the business development is developing, ordinary people are also beneficiaries. The increase in commercial taxes allows the two taxes to be reduced as much as possible, and various miscellaneous taxes can be reduced and exempted, thereby improving their living standards. Living and working in peace is the greatest wish of the common people, so they naturally give it to them.

The wise king who brought a happy life was grateful and shouted the most vigorously. He would also support the emperor with practical actions so that his edict could be implemented smoothly in the local area.
Chapter completed!