Hao Yuntong presented it to Zhao Bing, which is actually a human anatomical picture album. This thing can be said to be very ordinary in modern times. There will be a picture hanging on the wall of any small clinic, but it was not like that in ancient times, but a very mysterious and obscure thing. As a "miracle doctor", he sighed when he saw the anatomical picture collected by the Imperial Hospital. This is really too simple.

Modern people know that anatomy is the most basic thing in medicine. If you don’t know the anatomy location to treat people, it is a blind man riding a blind horse. The trauma that occurs on the battlefield is mainly trauma. If a doctor doesn’t even know the internal structure, it is no different from murder. In order to save the precious life of soldiers on the battlefield, he can only take action again, but this is also a risk.

Zhao Bing once witnessed an online debate between traditional Chinese and Western medicine in his previous life. He was a layman in medicine and did not dare to interrupt, but he also understood a lot from it. According to a "Great God" of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the anatomy of traditional Chinese medicine can be traced back to the new era, and the latest ones that can be confirmed were in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, because the approximate position and shape of the internal organs can be described in the "Emperor's Internal Classic".

However, in ancient times when feudal ethics oppressed, "the body and hair are the parents" and "the dead are the most important", no matter what purpose the anatomical behavior is, it is denied by the world. Even coroners cannot dissect the corpse. They can only rely on a strong knowledge base and careful survey to determine the cause of death based on the symptoms of the corpse, so the anatomical behavior is carried out secretly.

The anatomical pictures that are popular at present are two maps from the Northern Song Dynasty. One is the "Five Internals Picture of Oxifan", which was drawn by Wu Jian organized the dissection of the bodies of fifty-six death row prisoners including Oxifan during the Qingli period; the other has a greater influence is the "Five Internals Picture of Oxifan". However, in Zhao Bing's view, although the "Five Internals Picture of Oxifan" is very popular, it is still too simple, and there is a clear gap with modern anatomical pictures.

The most influential "Cunzhen Picture" is very detailed and specific. It not only has the full picture of the front, back and left and right sides of the chest and abdomen of the human body, but also has a system and division diagram of the division. It also describes the location of the internal organs in this way: "There is the heart, liver, gallbladder, and the small intestine below the spleen and stomach. The large intestine is bright and clean, and the large intestine is dirty. There is a bladder next to the large intestine...The kidneys have two, one on the right of the liver, slightly lower, and the other on the left of the spleen, slightly upper. The spleen is on the left of the heart." Later, many internal organs and internal organs in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were mostly drawn based on the "Cunzhen Picture" as the blueprint.

After that, the human anatomy of ancient Chinese medicine basically fell into stagnation. In addition to the strict prohibition of the law, the prevalence of the theory of Yin and Yang and Five Elements, intellectuals valued "Tao" and downside "utensils", which led to the decline of traditional Chinese medicine anatomy. It was not until the emergence of Wang Qingren of the Qing Dynasty that he improved. He relied on his actual observation of the internal organs and made sharp criticisms of the classics such as "Huangdi Neijing" and "Difficult Classic" that were regarded as classics by his peers. Of course, this was what Zhao Bing heard as a bystander, and it seemed that he was only half-believing and half-doubted.

Wang Qingren, who was deeply interested in medicine, traveled to Daodi Town, Luanzhou and found that a serious infectious disease was occurring in the area, and the children were "nine out of ten" dead. The poor family was unable to buy coffins, so they had to buried them in cloth bags and bamboo mats, but they were bitten by wild dogs. The cemetery was surrounded by "breaking belly and exposed dirt". They were unable to stop this disaster. All he could do was to go to the cemetery every day to observe the corpses exposed and torn by wild dogs, with the purpose of taking this opportunity to figure out the real condition of the human internal organs.

The reason why Wang Qingren did this was because years of medical practice made him discover that "the good ministers of governing the country have existed for generations; but none of them have written books and good doctors." The lack of good doctors is that they have not even understood the most basic human internal organs, and criticized their colleagues for "treating diseases and unknown internal organs is like walking at night in the blind."

What made Wang Qingren regret was that because his body was eaten by a wild dog, he could not observe the complete "chest diaphragm". Wang was very interested in this membrane and believed that it had a "most important" position in the human internal organs. He wanted to know whether its position was "under the heart and on the heart" and whether its growth was "slant or straight".

In order to make up for this regret, Wang Qingren went to the execution ground three times in the next thirty years. Once in Fengtian Prefecture, because the female prisoner "can't bear to approach" and only saw the heart and liver and lungs dug out by the executioner. Two times in the capital, one time saw the internal organs, but the diaphragm was broken; the other time was because the person executed was a serious criminal in the court and "can't approach" so they failed to get what they wanted. It was not until the ninth year of Daoguang that Wang Qingren indirectly learned the true situation of the "diaphragm" from a former general who was used to seeing dead bodies.

At this point, Wang believed that he had "forty-two years of investigation", and finally had a relatively accurate understanding of the situation of the human internal organs, so he "drawn it into a complete picture and intended to publish it in the world." These pictures were later attached to his own book "Medical Forest Revise" - the picture of the internal organs drawn by Wang Qingren. The spleen was changed from vertical to horizontal lying; the diaphragm was correctly drawn; there were no "holes" on the lungs; this was the first time the pancreas appeared... Although there was still a big difference with the observation of contemporary anatomy, it was more accurate than the description and records of all Chinese medical classics in the past.

He criticized the "Danti Jing" and said that its description of the heart, liver and lungs is specific to "how much weight each piece is", the description of the large and small intestine is specific to "how many pieces are long", and the description of the stomach is specific to being able to hold "how many buckets and how many liters of grain" of rice is specific, giving people a very real and trustworthy feeling, but it is not accurate in fact. The author has never examined the internal organs with his own eyes, but just "doing things that deceive others with no basis can benefit only false reputations, but harming others is a real disaster." It is really undesirable to benefit yourself and harm others with limited benefits, which is really harmful.

He also criticized the description of the disease in "Jinkui" that it was not really understanding the source of the disease, but playing a specious word game. "Jinkui" said that being exposed to wind can make people nasal congestion and sneezing, and that being exposed to wind can make people paralyzed. Wang Qingren asked: "Is this the wind, what kind of wind, what kind of wind, what kind of stroke, which makes people nasal congested and sneezing, what kind of wind, what kind of stroke can make people paralyzed? What kind of stroke can make people paralyzed? "-In that case, please tell me what kind of wind, what kind of stroke can make people paralyzed? And what kind of wind, what kind of stroke can make people paralyzed?

This serious questioning is necessary to promote scientific research, including medicine, to advance, but it also aroused the disgust and disgust of his peers. In their eyes, Wang Qingren went too far. He not only questioned and criticized the magnificent classics such as "Huangdi Neijing" and "Jinkui", but also denied the existence of the "Sanjiao" and the traditional statement of the description of "meridians"

However, as a pioneer, Wang Qingren, who has not yet escaped the traditional rude of medical theory, and this is directly related to his ability to observe randomly in the cemetery and execution ground and failing to obtain regular autopsy opportunities. Misunderstandings and misunderstandings are inevitable. "Medical Forest Revise" is naturally wrong. Someone who Zhao Bing remembers suggested that the book mistakenly recognizes the artery as the trachea; depicts the sperm, blood vessels and urination as interoperability, which is wrong.

Think about it more than five hundred years later, Western medical anatomy knowledge had been introduced to China, and people's cognition was still at this level. The current situation can only be said to be very crude, that is, there is no detailed anatomical diagram of bones, no blood vessel distribution diagram, and even no distinction between arteries and veins, let alone understanding how the blood night runs, and thinking that people rely on the heart to think.

Zhao Bing’s knowledge of the human body only comes from the course "Physiology and Hygiene", which is also the most basic knowledge of popularizing human body structure. In desperation, he could only rely on memories to rewrite one side and accompany the illustrations. However, the past time was too long, and he could not guarantee that the writing and painting were correct. Even so, it was regarded as a masterpiece by Hao Yuntong and other imperial physicians.

However, Zhao Bing did not dare to be arrogant, but gave them a "secret decree" to authorize them to dissect the unowned corpse, conduct in-depth research, and draw pictures in detail, confirm with the ones he wrote, and correct the mistakes. It is only used as a textbook for cultivating medical practitioners. The corpse must be properly disposed of after use and must not be discarded or damaged at will.

The continuous war and disasters have created countless ownerless corpses, which have also given the doctors of the Imperial Hospital and the Medical Hospital an almost inexhaustible source of corpses. In the process of treating the wounded in the war, they have also gained valuable practical experience and verified the gains from dissection. It can be said that this has taken the medical research of the Song Dynasty a big step forward, but it is hard to say whether it is a blessing or a sadness.

However, this kind of research is not tolerated by current secular concepts and moral standards. Therefore, the research of the Imperial Hospital has always been conducted under secret circumstances, and the participating doctors are strictly prohibited from being spread, so as not to cause controversy and public anger. However, the results of their research continue to appear in teaching materials, cultivating doctors with new ideas, and also benefiting injured patients.

After seven years, the Imperial Hospital dissected countless bodies and finally completed the drawing of a series of human anatomical pictures, including human organs, bones, and exploded pictures of various organs. If we look at it from modern standards, it is still not detailed, but this was not completed by various modern medical instruments, which is enough to be considered a milestone in the history of medicine.

The summary of this map presented to Zhao Bing should be considered as the research results of the Imperial Hospital for many years, but he does not want to make it public for the time being. Because the current "Confucian doctors" are more willing to use the theory of Yin and Yang and Five Elements to deduce the structure and operation of the human body rather than to conduct physical observations. He knew that once it was made public, the things in it would be enough to subvert the cognition of people's traditional medicine for thousands of years, and make those theories and classics that Confucian doctors regard as fundamental are questioned.
Chapter completed!