Looking through the "Xingyu Record" about Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong presented, Zhao Bing extracted the useful information and verified it one by one. This is an extremely tedious and patient test.

You should know that during the Second Northern Expedition, the Song army entered Hebei and other places, and the scope of spies in the Affairs Bureau was limited and could not accurately record local meteorological data. Some years only had meteorological conditions that occurred in one month, or it was caused by heavy rains and disasters in a certain area obtained from the travelers and travelers, or drought caused cracks in the land, rivers broke down, etc.

On the other hand, with the current technological level, even if detailed records are made, it is still impossible to express objectively as modern numbers. It is often slightly cold, cold, and needs to be added to clothes, or is hot and stuffy, even more so in previous years. With the help of rough words of somatosensory, there is a lack of specific standard records.

This made it difficult for Zhao Bing to make an accurate judgment on local climate change, and this required other information, not only limited to local weather records, but also involved agricultural abundance, price fluctuations, disasters, and even popular local folk proverbs to infer. This time, he was alerted because of a few common sayings in the geography.

Seeing that His Majesty was in work, Xu Hong did not ask any more questions, so he added a candlestick to the emperor and cut the wick to make the room brighter. Then he quietly left the emperor's dormitory, covered his door with a faint cover, and told the guards on duty to lie down in the next room and clothes. He also had to hurry up and rest because the emperor's energy was too strong, otherwise he would be unable to survive.

Zhao Bing wanted to copy various records into paper according to the region and then analyze them. After the preliminary work, even more drums came from outside, which was already ugly. He rubbed his slightly sour eyes and sighed. He wanted to analyze the preliminary results in one go, but he also felt tired. He had to continue marching tomorrow. Thinking about it, he still blew out the candlelight and slept for a while.

But after just using his brain, he could not sleep again for a while. Zhao Bing suddenly laughed when he recalled what he had just done. According to the system, the words he had just written were recorded in the archives and kept. If he was lucky enough to survive in the modern era, let future generations discover whether he would have another name as a "meteorologist".

You should know that although there were related meteorological records in ancient society long ago, just like what made him feel confused, they were all just a few words and were not systematic at all. And he still remembered that in order to understand the changes in ancient climate, scientists in his previous lives had to use the descriptions of ancient poems to make judgments.

Although the emperors of all dynasties in ancient times were also concerned about the local rainwater situation, the rainwater reporting was mainly based on the emperor's personal needs, and there was no system. The real Yuze reporting system was born in the Qing Dynasty.

The emperors of the Qing Dynasty were well aware of the relationship between rainwater conditions and agricultural harvests and local governance and chaos, so they were very concerned about rainwater conditions, so they changed the practice of meteorological reporting in the previous generations and introduced the rainze reporting system. All provinces need to measure climate, especially rain and snow, and submit it to the court step by step.

Some scholars pointed out that the Yuze Memorial System in the Qing Dynasty should have originated in the Kangxi period, because he expressed his concern for agriculture more than once, "agriculture is the foundation of people's livelihood, and rain and snow must be used in time, so that spring farming will not be delayed, and autumn will be expected." However, it is inferred that Li Xu, a weaving system in Suzhou, was the earliest starter of this matter. The "Suzhou gets rain and reports rice prices" on it can be regarded as the beginning of the Yuze Memorial System.

However, in fact, in addition to the memorial, Li Xu also reported to the emperor another climate record - "Sunny Rain Record", a more detailed meteorological record. "Sunny Rain Record" requires people to be on duty day and night, and record the weather for twelve hours in detail. Scenes such as sunshine, cloudy, thunder, rain, snow, fog and wind direction need to be recorded in the Sunny Rain Record.

The rainwater, harvest and grain prices in the Qing Dynasty had corresponding reporting systems. These data were combined to form a huge "Qing Dynasty agricultural data information system". This made the rain and snow data reported by officials in the Qing Dynasty also very precious meteorological data in the contemporary times. Their existence provides more possibilities for historical researchers to explore the laws of climate change in the Qing Dynasty.

Zhao Bing, a time traveler, didn't have so many ideas at the beginning, but just wanted to save his life. You should know that when he arrived in this world, it was the period of "sea dynasty". Facing the unpredictable sea, if he was not careful, he would be buried in the sea. In addition, the sea sailing was closely related to the changes in wind and waves, and even decided the outcome of a battle, he passed the time to "care" the weather.

That is, under the military needs, Zhao Bing established a meteorological observation organization, which was originally affiliated with the navy army, with extremely simple measurement methods and simple tools. However, as he gained a foothold in Qiongzhou, his attention began to turn to civilians, and food shortage has always been the biggest problem in the dynasty. When purchasing grain from abroad, he should consider where to abundance and low grain prices.

Therefore, when the spies from the Bureau of Affairs collected information on military, political and economic information from the Mongolian Yuan, they had another task of collecting meteorological information, so that they could understand where the weather was good and the food price was low, and then they were purposefully sent to purchase and then transported back to Qiongzhou. In fact, they were all short of money.

However, it was during this period that an organized meteorological and water situation observation system was gradually formed, and the report of sunny and rain was institutionalized. However, the observation methods were still very backward, mainly lacking standards and instruments. The result was naturally not accurate, and it was even more difficult to achieve accurate forecasting of weather.

Zhao Bing spent a lot of effort to solve this problem. He formulated standards based on modern and current situations. For example, without a thermometer, the temperature was divided into severe cold, cold, cold, suitable, hot, hot, and hot; the wind power was divided into modern twelve-level divisions, and the standard was the "Wind-level Song" that modern primary school students would recite.

The weather cloudiness is also expressed by cloudy, cloudy and sunny; the fog is divided into levels using modern visibility to adapt to boating. The tide size is based on the largest tidal day of the year as the basis for measurement; while rivers mainly measure water depth, flow velocity and river surface width changes.

The amount of rainfall adopts the "dimension method of rain and snow" that was popular in ancient times. So, what does the dimension of rain and snow mean? In "Journey to the West", there is a record of the Dragon King and the fortune teller Yuan Shoucheng gambling on rain, which uses the dimension to describe the amount of rain:

The Dragon King said, "Please tell me what is going on in the sky."

The teacher immediately passed on a lesson and said, "The clouds are blurred on the top of the mountain, and the fog covers the top of the forest. If the rain is occupied, it will be in the Ming Dynasty."

The Dragon King said: "When will it rain tomorrow? How big is the rain?"

The gentleman said: "Tomorrow, clouds are spread at Chen, thunder is coming, it rains at noon, and rains at Wei, and water is three feet, three inches and forty-eight o'clock."

The Dragon King asked Yuan Shoucheng how much rain would rain tomorrow, and Yuan Shoucheng answered him with the size of the water.

Therefore, "rain and snow" means the depth of precipitation seeps into the soil after each rainfall. "Three inches of rain" means that the depth of precipitation in the soil during this precipitation process is three inches.

In modern society, no one uses rain and snow to record the size of a rain and snow. Today, the precipitation we mention mainly refers to the height on the ground when rainwater falling from the sky to the ground without loss, evaporation and leakage. The precipitation is usually in millimeters. However, in ancient times, it was more common to measure the amount of rain by how many inches of rain and snow fell into the soil.

These standards are quite rough and modern, just a general rule. Of course, Zhao Bing also wanted to do precisely and tried to make some simple instruments. For example, he had already copied the air meter and storm bottles in it according to the express box that he traveled here. The more complex thermometers took a lot of trouble. In this era without glass, they could only be made into mechanical ones.

The working principle of a mechanical thermometer is a multi-layer metal sheet composed of two or more metal sheets stacked together. It works using the principle that two different metals have different degrees of expansion when the temperature changes. When one end is heated, it drives the pointer to rotate, and the working instrument displays the temperature value corresponding to the thermoelectric potential.

However, the types of metals discovered in ancient times were still very limited, and Zhao Bing had no ready-made data to refer to. He could only explore different metals through countless combinations through experiments. It can be said that it took countless time and energy to develop them successfully, but mass production still took time.

As for the hygrometer that predicts rainy and snowy weather, Zhao Bing is still in the research stage and cannot break through the bottleneck. Therefore, the instrument for measuring air humidity is a large tank filled with cool water. It makes a judgment on the humidity level based on the amount of dew formed on it. This method is not accurate even if you think it is with your toes.

However, the imperial court conducted comprehensive monitoring of the meteorological conditions of the ruling areas, mainly after the recovery of Jiangnan. As Xu Hong knew, after returning to Jiangnan, a large number of officials went to work in all directions. When they knew that the emperor had a hobby of collecting meteorological and water conditions in various places, they began to say a few words about the local weather conditions on the memorial form. Later, with Zhao Bing's encouragement and proposal, spontaneous behavior gradually formed a system.

However, the court frequently receives so much weather information all day long, and some people will inevitably criticize it. They think that the topics are very similar, and the content is somewhat patterned. The rain and snow memorials are "garbage memorials", which are to show their presence in front of the emperor and flatter the emperor who has the hobby of listening to the weather Evening News.
Chapter completed!