Chapter 1 The system of the world
Taking Zhao Bing's years of ancient life, his understanding of Confucianism was peace, which is the so-called "to follow the trend and become the king of the law, a system, a system that promotes etiquette and righteousness and kills poetry and books, and his words and deeds have great laws. Why do we need a system after "the whole world"?
According to Zhao Bing's understanding, the so-called "one world" is not what I thought of in my previous life, or the one tribe. In fact, what it refers to is divided into two levels. "The one world" is only the initial completion of the unity of the country and the nation, and is a shallow level of unity; thus continuing to move forward and reach the unity of social systems and social order, this is the deep level of unity.
"One system", simply put, is a unified system. In Confucianism, the system mainly refers to "ritual, music, punishment and government", which is equivalent to the rules and regulations mentioned by later generations, including the etiquette system, political system, criminal law system, economic system, education system, etc. In short, all social systems can be included in it.
In this era, despite his modern thinking and advanced scientific and technological knowledge, Zhao Bing's thoughts and meanings were still influenced by five thousand years of traditional culture. After living in ancient times, he had to passively learn Confucian classics when he was young. Although he was very tired and resistant to learning Confucian classics, he was also brainwashed and instilled in a large amount of Confucian knowledge.
In the environment where Confucianism is in a dominant position, Zhao Bing also absorbs and digests it with a "critical" perspective while learning. He found that the system is actually an important category of Confucian political science, rather than what he saw on the surface, just using morality to educate the people and restrain people's behavior. Of course, this is also the reason why they were able to defeat many schools and become the ruling class in an era when a hundred schools of thought contend.
Because in history, when the founder of every new dynasty has completed its unification, he must immediately start to clean up the broken situation, integrate society, restore or rebuild social order. However, the world has been decided, and integrating society depends on government orders, especially systems. This is because the system is the basis of social order, and social order is arranged by institutions.
The characteristics and advantages of the system are the same benchmark and the same standard. The system itself may be unfair, but the benchmark and standard of the system are fair and uniform to anyone within the scope of its application. Therefore, integrating society with systems and arranging social order can maintain the general fairness of society and maintain its consistency, thus laying the foundation for long-term stability of the country.
Therefore, the combination of "the whole world" and "one system" is the true "unification" in the eyes of Confucianism. And the major policies and guidelines of "one system" must be implemented from the very beginning, which is consistent with the rule of law in modern society, or in line with the rule of law.
"What the Confucian scholars in Jiangnan now think and think are very different from those in the Central Plains. If they use it, conflicts will inevitably arise. To make the court turmoil, of course it is the easiest to abandon it!" Zhao Bing looked at Liu Yin and said.
He understood that the unity of institutions and ideological unity was the most difficult. He spent so much energy, suppressed many scholars, and gained a lot of infamousness, so that he could barely make the voices of the court unified. The disputes between the Confucian scholars in the north and the south did not stop in the founding of the Song Dynasty, and even several party struggles were in the shadow of the dispute between the north and the south.
Now, the north and the south have been isolated for two hundred years, and have experienced different development paths. There is a huge gap in academics and concepts. If you want to reintegrate them together, the difficulties can be imagined. At that time, Zhao Bing wanted to eliminate those Confucian scholars who were dependent on the Han marquis of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to avoid the civil strife caused by ideological chaos.
"Your Majesty has therefore wanted to cut off the future of Confucian scholars in the Central Plains. This is too arbitrary!" Liu Yin frowned after hearing the reason, "It is widely rumored that your Majesty admires the law and abandons Confucian scholars, and governs the country with strict punishment and strict law, but does not emphasize moral education. I still have questions. Now when I meet, I realize that it is true. Now I have prejudice against Confucian scholars in the Central Plains and deviates from Confucian orthodoxy, and will be abandoned by the people."
"Mr. Jingxiu's words are wrong!" Zhao Bing said, "The Xunzi·Confucianism says: "The previous kings are in charge of etiquette and morality, a system, with shallowness and broadness, with the past and the present, with one, with one, with one, with one, with one, with benevolence and righteousness, etc.... They are great Confucians. As early as when the heroes compete for hegemony, they have realized that the world must be unified, and the 'one system' is the foundation of a country. How can they say that I have deviated from the orthodox Confucianism?"
"Confucius respects benevolence, Mencius values righteousness, and he can use it to spread the country. Xunzi understands the kingly way and advocates etiquette and law, and Li Si confuses the world with what he learned, and even ends with the Qin Dynasty." Liu Yin retorted.
"Although the First Emperor was regarded as a tyrant by his later generations, he did not know the difference between offense and defense. However, he knew the importance of unifying the 'one system' in the world. The books and chariots he implemented were the same, as well as the unified currency and weights and measures, the implementation of centralization and county systems, etc., which were effective measures to maintain the unity." Zhao Bing took a sip of tea and handed Liu Yinjiu a snack.
"As a result, although Qin was destroyed in the second generation, the social system it formulated and implemented was preserved for thousands of years and was imitated by all dynasties. It can be seen that the system" is not only the basis for the existence of "great unification" and the only choice for the long-term maintenance of "great unification".
"Your Majesty said so much!" Lu Xiufu continued, "After the Han Dynasty and Qin Dynasty, Confucian scholars who had opposed the Qin system strongly advocated "great unification". The Confucian scholars at that time were more like wandering scholars from the ranks of the ranks, such as Gongsun Hong, Erkuan, Zhang Tang, and Yin Jun. They all rely on their political affairs to be highly valued at the time, and being familiar with new Confucianism was the condition for political affairs to be successful."
"The Han Confucianism made a new explanation of Confucianism in history, making up for the lack of morality caused by rule of law, and gave a rational explanation of any changes in the government, and used it to restrict the authority of the king, thereby improving the national system. It can be said that Confucianism at that time had become a Confucianism that governed the country by officials, and established a political system that would support the next thousand years!"
"It can be seen that thoughts do not determine location, but position determines ideas. The Han Confucians' love of success and fame is far more than the means they use, and this orthodox is no longer the orthodox." Zhao Bing smiled slightly sarcastically, "The Han family actually took a thorough path of administration, the continuation of the Qin system, rather than the restoration of the Zhou system. On the surface, the Huang-Lao Confucian Legalists were just embellishments and means. The use of Confucians during the founding of the country was just a strategic approach to retreat as advancement, and it was under this prudent policy that the Han government was truly stable."
Zhao Bing's words were very straightforward, which was equivalent to stripping off other people's fig leaf, which made the few people a little embarrassed. Seeing that the few people's expressions were not very good, he was tactful and boiling water without saying anything more. However, he was full of complaints in his heart. What he said was already subtle enough, but in fact he was even more shameless.
If the rule of law in Qin was only determined to design various systems, and the creation of the rule of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty truly gave the inner soul of the administration system. However, the Han Empire established its family by opposing the Qin system, so even if it adopted a more harsh approach than the Qin system in its behavior, it could avoid moral condemnation for at least a period of time.
When this condemnation was finally inevitable, the empire had mastered the means of control and suppression. This hidden political routine occurred very concealedly, but it also provided the foundation for survival for the new empire. After entering the Han Dynasty, the Confucian scholars became fanatical defenders of the new system. The terms "great unification" and "harmony between man and nature" they proposed far exceeded the theoretical heights that the orthodox Legalists could reach during the Qin Empire.
However, Zhao Bing thought that his half-calf book bag could see the mystery, and the three great scholars in front of him must also be clear. The rule of the Han Dynasty, whether it was Huang Lao, Confucianism inside and outside, or pure Confucianism, were clearly seen by people at that time. As a researcher in later generations, if he only knew the facts that people knew at that time, turned a blind eye to the huge hidden lines of the era of great change, and only attributed some deeper things to a few rulers, then this superficial understanding is the result of a lack of sensitivity to facts.
"Your Majesty, the country has been governed by Confucianism in all generations, and prosperity has appeared frequently. Only by governing the country with the kingly way can one last long and stable, and by domineering governance, it will never escape the decline of a generation!" How could Liu Yin not understand the changes, but he was still unwilling to give up his persistence, as if he was struggling.
"Mr. Jingxiu misunderstood that governing the country is not about talking about military affairs on paper, nor is it possible to realize ideals by just a few words of sages. Instead, it must be moved according to the times and cannot stick to the old system." Zhao Bing said, "Confucianism focuses on inner sincerity, and is manifested by benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trustworthiness. Relying on Confucianism's attitude of benevolence and sincere thinking state, in order to implement benevolent policies and educate the people, it also needs to be a peaceful and prosperous era. However, in a chaotic world where human lives are like grass, it is impossible to calm the turmoil and accumulate wealth. What is needed is a system established with severe punishment and strict laws!"
"Even if the prosperity comes, the national system should be a combination of dominance and kingly way. Governing the country should focus on reality rather than temple theory. Many great scholars pay attention to theory but lack the ability to govern naturally should be used with caution. Of course, moral education should not be ignored, but it must be limited, and restoring the ancient system is even more undesirable. The Zhou system has long been in line with the current social reality, and can only be learned from it but not copied."
"Can the system achieve social fairness, make the people happy, and the country be able to maintain long-term stability?" Liu Yin felt that although the Southern Emperor didn't say much, they all hit the key points of current affairs, which made it difficult for him to argue. He could only ask in order to safeguard the dignity of Confucianism.
"Mr. Jingxiu is too stubborn!" Deng Guangjian looked at Liu Yin in front of him, as if he saw himself who had just entered the official career, with great ambitions and wanted to show his talents, but he was incompatible with current affairs, and he sighed in secret and interrupted.
Chapter completed!