Chapter uproar
At the end of March of the sixth year of Dade, the Great Khan Tiemur summoned the kings and important officials from Dadu to the Daming Palace to discuss matters. After the ministers congratulated him, he looked at the people below and couldn't help feeling sad. Although there were more than 20 sects and sects who entered the palace to discuss matters, most of them were already famous, without any soldiers or power. It was hard to show that the grand occasion of the Great Khan's orders that led thousands of troops from all over the country to come to the court.
At the beginning of the founding of the country of Temujin, the traditional family property distribution custom of nomadic peoples was followed, and more than 30 grassland thousand households and pastures were granted to the royal family, forming the so-called kings of the East and West Roads.
The kings who were granted the title had thousands of people and private relatives for generations, were able to issue government orders without authorization, cast tiger talismans, appoint subordinate officials and generals, and could kill subjects and "miscellaneous" officials. At the same time, the kings also had a large number of troops who surrendered to the army, managed to surrender to the throne, and collected the civilian taxes and local taxes. They enjoyed highly independent military, political and financial powers, and their fiefs were like independent kingdoms.
During the period of Ogedei's administration, the five-household fiefs system was implemented in the Han area. According to regulations, this feudal was "taxed as second-class", and the power was governed by the officials, and the kings surrendered to share their rights with the Khan's court. This was actually the Khan's strategy of recognizing the interests gained from the military battlefields of the kings' relatives, while constraining their autonomy to a certain extent and strengthening the court's centralization strategy.
However, the five-house silk fief system was not completely implemented. The kings still practiced the old system of Wulusi territory in the Han Dynasty of the Central Plains. They appointed and removed tax officials themselves, "each levy their own people", and appointed officials to be appointed and appointed to be appointed to be appointed to the fief. The officials they appointed had to fulfill their duties of paying taxes and courtship to the kings, which was almost equivalent to the private subordinates of the kings. The kings could also divide the fief households into layers and maintain a close personal affiliation with them.
After Mongge Khan ascended the throne, he sent his brothers to represent the Governor of Persia and the southern desert, and to divide the military and civilians with local officials. This system was actually the original sect kings. Its military conquest against Mongolia played a great role in ensuring the dominance of the Torrei family in the Golden Family and effectively controlling the three directly under the control of the southern desert.
When Kublai Khan inherited the throne and established the Yuan Dynasty, he adjusted the Mongolian feudal system to limit it to the scope of not threatening the court. He often used his princes and princes to lead troops out of towns, control the borders, and defend the court. This kind of royal feudal is different from the nature of the feudal of Ulus before Kublai Khan.
In essence, it was mostly just a military and political leader representing the emperor's vassals but not the vassals. The focus was on military and political supervision and military vassals, and it complemented the bureaucracy, and its independence had been weakened. During the Central Commission for Discipline, Kublai Khan began to establish a Han-style bureaucratic organization from the court to the local government, and made partial changes to the submission of the five-house silk fabrics, changing the five-house silk into the "Guan Branch" of the Secretariat.
However, Kublai Khan seized the throne of Khan under the support of many Mongolian kings, and the Li Ju Rebellion deepened Kublai Khan's suspicion of the Han people. These factors led to Kublai Khan not only strengthening the imperial power and weakening the vassal power; at the same time, he also protected the interests of the sect kings in exchange for support. As the situation changed, the conflict between imperial power and vassal power became more and more obvious.
In terms of trends, in order to concentrate the imperial power, Kublai Khan had to implement a strategy of reducing the vassal from moderate to tough. While completely weakening the Han marquis, the court also adopted a series of restrictions on the Mongolian kings. By the early years of Zhiyuan, Kublai Khan accepted the suggestion of the ministers to "manage the personal ties and defend the court" and successively enfeoffed the princes as kings, leaving the northwest and southwest places.
Most of the princes in these border towns have corresponding seals of the throne. They either serve as officials of the royal palace and conduct six ministries, or have a comprehensive look at military, political and civil affairs, and have strong autonomy. In particular, the legitimate princes such as the King of Peiping and King Anxi have significantly exceeded those of the princes of the common people. The purpose is to let the princes lead troops on behalf of the court to guard one side in order to quell the rebellion in various places.
However, the centralization of power in the Yuan Dynasty and the old system of vassal divisions and feudal divisions were itself contradictory. A few years later, the vassal kings in various places had problems. From the perspective of consolidating the authority of the court, Kublai Khan generally weakened the real power of the kings, including the princes, and set up local provinces to submit land. The decomposition was only necessary for Timur Ulus and the host kings Ulus, to command the people, to establish the Du Wanhu Mansion to form the troops signed, etc.
After the Yuan Dynasty reduced the vassals, the power of the princes from Zhushi was greatly weakened. Later, the Southern Dynasty invaded Jiangnan, ruled Yunnan, and captured a series of wars, resulting in the destruction of the sect kings in the branch areas. In order to enrich the strength of the Fuli area and restore the personal army of the guards who suffered heavy losses in the war, Zhen Jin recruited the grassland kings to lead tribal troops to the Central Plains, further weakening the strength of the sect kings.
During the Second Northern Expedition of the Southern Dynasty, these tribal troops of the grassland kings who went south were basically completely lost, so the only three departments that were the Karaki Army led by Anxi King Ananda, the Zongren Guards who led the old capital of Lin Mingli Timur, and the two 10,000 Houses and troops led by Ningyuan King Kuokuochu, led by the Liaodong Province. Most of the other tribal kings were in command of their respective tribal troops. After many weakenings, their strength was greatly reduced, and their strength was often only one or two thousand Houses.
Tiemur asked these sect kings to have their own little thoughts. After a series of defeats, the local garrison troops and the siege army were basically crippled by the Southern Army. The most combative Han army five guards were first defeated by Daming and later in Dingzhou. Even Zhang Gui, the capital Wanhu, was defeated and died, and his entire army was destroyed.
Therefore, Tiemur had only the personal army of the Mongolian guards in the capital, the right Yi, the Qincha guards formed by the integration of Duwei Guards and Jingsemu Guards, and the Qixue Army, which was not useful. The Zuoyi guards were stationed in Shanxi, and the actual number of soldiers available was only 50,000. In addition, the remaining defeated generals who fled to Dadu and the new army who were urgently signed for conquests were claimed to be 100,000, so the troops defending Dadu were less than 200,000, and he had to recruit the kings of various towns into the capital.
The kings of the sects distributed in various places all have heavy troops in their hands. Tiemur knew that these kings belonged to Genghis Khan's near branch bloodline and all had the possibility of inheriting the Khan throne. If they spread rumors and claimed that most of them fell and died, they could re-elect the Khan and force him to death. Therefore, letting them enter the Wei Dadu not only weaken their strength, but also entering the Dadu will be unable to do anything.
"Hmph, I finally understood why I was so embarrassed after suffering!" My eyes swept over Ananda and the sect kings who had entered Beijing from the northwest. Their eyes flashed and they did not dare to look at him. Tiemur snorted coldly in his heart.
Because of losing consecutive battles in the Central Plains and losing the heartlands of Shandong, Henan and Hebei, Tiemur knew clearly that many people began to question their ruling ability and military ability, especially Ananda, who had the heavy troops in the northwest, laughed at his incompetence many times in private, and once said in public that only he could reverse the current crisis and regain the prestige of the Mongolian Yuan, and his rampant feelings were beyond words.
However, Ananda led a large army several times the enemy in Datong, and fought against the open area that was most suitable for cavalry combat. However, the Song army defeated the injured soldiers and generals, and had to flee in a panic. On the way, he was followed by the Song army and lost a large amount of supplies. He heard that due to shortage of food, he also plundered civilians for food.
They fled to Xuande Mansion, forced the city gate to plunder and then plundered the crisis slightly, but they were worried that they would be caught by the followers of the Southern Army and dared not stay and rest. However, they were still caught up by the Southern Army and intercepted at the North Entrance. Later, they were able to retreat into Jiayuguan with the support of the defenders. They shamelessly claimed that they had defeated the Southern Army in Datong, and turned around several times on the way to defeat the pursuit of the Southern Army. If they had not had food and supplies, they would have wiped out the enemy.
Tiemur sent people to conduct a secret inspection in the name of rewarding the army and found that the twenty troops he claimed to have entered the guard were actually seriously mixed with water, with at least about 50,000 casualties, among which there were also the phenomenon of plundering people taking the number of horses and military weapons, many were missing, but the generals all said that they had little loss. He knew that in addition to considering their face, these people also wanted to lie about the number of soldiers and horses being vacant.
Now it was the time to use people. Tiemur did not say it out loud, but distributed food and pay in full according to his report, supplementing some war horses and weapons. Although he felt a little frustrated, he felt much more happy when he was defeated. After being taught a lesson by the Song army, he did not dare to speak loudly and his behavior was restrained.
"Ananda, what's the situation in Datong?" Tiemur asked when he saw that everyone in the palace bowed their heads under his gaze.
"Report to the Khan, when our army left, Datong was still under the control of He Weixian. I don't know much about what happened next!" Ananda answered and reported.
But he hated He Weixian to death. If it weren't for his reluctance to distribute food and supplies, how could he have stayed outside the city for a long time and how could he encounter the enemy? What's even more hateful is that he actually concealed that the Southern Army that came to attack was the imperial guardian of the Southern Emperor, and the most elite unit of the Southern Dynasty, which made him not only lose his troops, but also lose face.
But thinking about his own hurrying, Datong City may not be able to defend it. He Weixian is probably in danger. It’s a pity that the food and property stored in the city are cheaper than the Southern Army. But he also knew that if He Weixian had not given the instructions of the Khan, he would not dare to make things difficult for him, the real power sect king, so the culprit was the lofty guy in front of him.
"Reported to the Khan, it was reported that Datong had lost his deceased after leaving the guards. There were also rumors that some of the troops of the left guards broke through and went towards the Shangdu. The whereabouts of the capital, He Weixian, were unknown." Kurigis stood up to report.
"Oh!" Tiemur was very surprised when he heard this, and then asked, "Ananda, you said that the Southern Army who was defeated outside the city and attacked Datong has already defeated them. How can they have the ability to conquer the city?"
"Khan... I don't know this. Maybe He Weixian surrendered to the enemy and offered the city, or maybe the Southern Army rushed to break through the city with reinforcements!" Ananda was stunned for a moment, sweating on his forehead, and he grunted for a long time before giving an answer.
Chapter completed!