After the dynasty meeting, Zhao Bing returned to work in addition to attending the necessary ceremonies. He wanted to complete the preliminary plan for military reform at the end of the month, and hand it over to the prime ministers to discuss, improve, and prepare for the best preliminary preparations for recruiting new troops. Therefore, he devoted all available time to draft the military reform plan. As far as he knew, the Song army also underwent several reforms after its founding, but it was indecisive and changed. As the armed forces of the Song Dynasty were mainly composed of imperial guards, wing troops, township soldiers, and foreign troops. In addition, there were local troops and archers.

The imperial guards are the central army, including the Emperor's Guards and the Wu Guards, respectively, and are under the jurisdiction of the three yamen. Their tasks are to guard the imperial palace, guard the capital, prepare for war and garrison border counties, and important places; the wing army belongs to the local army. They are called the Standing Army, but are actually chores of various state prefectures and certain central institutions. They are under the jurisdiction of the state prefectures and certain central agencies, and are generally under the jurisdiction of the Mahansi and the Guards' Infantry Department. The main tasks are to build cities, make weapons, build roads and bridges, transport grain and reclamate wasteland, and guards for officials, and welcome and see off. Generally, there is no training and combat tasks.

Township soldiers are also called militias. They are local civilian armed forces composed of local people selected or recruited according to the proportion of household registration. They do not break away from production, and gather and train in slack farming. They are responsible for the tasks of building cities, transporting grain, catching thieves or coordinating the border with the imperial guards. The foreign soldiers are border guards in the northwest of the Northern Song Dynasty. They are composed of Qiang people and clan tribes in the border areas of Shaanxi, Hedong and Xixia. The leaders of the tribes were enfeoffed and led tribes to guard the border. The Turkish army and archers belonged to local public security forces. They were originally officials and served as civil servants. Later, they were changed to recruit civil servants and were affiliated with the county magistrates and inspection departments in various places.

The armed forces of the Song Dynasty had two branches of infantry and cavalry. The navy and artillery army were affiliated with the infantry. Their organization was xiang, army, and battalion (command), and the capital was four levels. The Xiang governed ten armies, the army was five battalions, and the battalion was five capitals, and each was 100 people. The commanders at all levels were: the commander of the Xiangdu, the commander of the army, the commander of the army, the commander of the army, the commander of the army, the commander of the army, the commander of the army, the deputy commander of the army, the deputy commander of the army, the commander of the army, the deputy commander of the army, and the deputy commander of the army. The commander is the basic unit of the imperial guards. The mobilization, garrison and combat are often calculated by this. The Xiangfu army and the township soldiers, and the foreign troops are the same as those of the imperial guards.

The military officers of the Song Dynasty had different ranks and military positions. Martial officers were empty ranks that indicated the rank of officials, and had no actual positions. The promotion was called transfer or transfer of capital. Military positions were real positions held by officials, and their promotion was called transfer. Imperial Guards, and the officers of the Xiang Army were called Wei: the chief of the three yamen to the commander of the Xiangdu was called the chief of the commander of the military commander, and the commander of the military commander was called the general and the chief of the military commander of the military commander was called the chief of the military commander, and the chief of the military commander was called the chief of the military commander, and the chief of the military commander and the chief of the military commander were called the chief of the military commander. The promotion of the chief of the capital was not fixed, and the general and the chief of the military were usually once every three years. At the same time as the military position was promoted, the officials were also promoted to the corresponding grades. The promotion within the rank was mostly conditioned on military merits, martial arts or division of achievements.

The military service in the Song Dynasty mainly implemented the recruitment system. It was stipulated that the recruitment of soldiers from all walks were implemented by chief officials or chief supervisors, and the "soldier style" or "muxing" were used as the standard. The strong and strong were selected as imperial guards, and the weak were appointed as wing soldiers. The recruitment targets were mostly famine-related people, and the hungry people were also implemented in the military-raising system of recruiting hungry people as soldiers in the year of disaster. In addition, the children of the camp were encouraged to replace their fathers and brothers as soldiers, or as criminals as soldiers. When there was a lack of military resources, they also arrested the people as soldiers. Once they were recruited for life, their families could follow the army. Generally, they retired from the 60s, and their supply of clothes and food was reduced by half. The families of the soldiers who died were pensions and disabilities were also placed.

In order to adapt to the recruitment system, the Song army implemented a selection system to eliminate the elderly and weak. Every spring and autumn, each year, the upper, middle and lower grades were trained and assessed according to the upper, middle and lower grades. Those with strong martial arts could be promoted from the Xiang army to the imperial guards. Those with outstanding martial arts could be given rewards and could be supplemented with the missing ranks. Those with less martial arts skills would be demoted to the infantry army, and the Xiang army would not be demoted to the Xiang army. The elderly and weak might either be given low-level levels, or be given military status, or be given up as a surplus officer and serve as a military servant.

The source of the primary military officers of the Song Dynasty was mostly promoted from military sergeants who had military achievements; a few were selected through martial arts training and martial arts elections. The martial arts students came from envoys who were last appointed, and the children of the imperial courts were recommended by civilians. They learned the military tactics of various schools, warships and cavalry and archery skills such as martial arts. Martial arts and martial arts were tried every three years, and those who passed the martial arts were awarded the title as the first place. Those who failed the martial arts were given the following year for the succession, and those who failed the third exams were given the citizenship.

The Song army was a professional army, and theoretically there should be no difference between peacetime and wartime organization. However, in fact, this organization was not ideal in wartime operation. In the middle of the period, Fan Zhongyan and Shenzong dynasty both adjusted and reformed the military system. After the southward transition, Emperor Gaozong suddenly established the army in a drift, reused the "army" as an independent tactical unit, and organized the original "general" into several armies, setting the commander or commander as the commander; and also formed the generals into several armies in accordance with the direction of strategic defense, setting the commander or guardian as the commander. The troops currently traveling to the dynasty basically operated in accordance with this example, but they were no longer very adaptable to the situation.

Ancient troops did not have a complete division of military branches like modern troops. With the changes in combat weapons, combat methods and combat areas, some professional troops gradually separated, with certain military properties. Generally, there are four major arms, including chariots, infantry, cavalry, and boats. After the Han Dynasty, the chariots and soldiers died, mainly in the three major arms, infantry, cavalry, and navy. However, ancient Chinese troops were not organized and commanded according to military branches, and they never formed two major military systems with land and sea parallel.

Infantrymen in later dynasties accounted for the vast majority of the army. There are many types of established infantry, but they generally still retain the distinction between the two major categories of the Qin Dynasty, and still implemented mixed arrangements. Infantrymen in the Tang Dynasty also had "surprise soldiers" (mobile teams) and "jump soldiers" (assault teams) who were good at fighting, and "bows and crossbow soldiers" who were mainly fired weapons. It is worth noting that in ancient times, infantry often relied on launching weapons to fight, especially in the Song Dynasty, there were much more infantry launching weapons than fighting infantry...

Zhao Bing believed that the Song army's system was not useless from a modern perspective. The professional army system, the Round Wu system, the civil servant-led military and the military-record system are all in line with the modern military system and ideas. However, due to the limitations of the times and the needs of feudal autocracy, there are many aspects that are not perfect, which makes some defects difficult to overcome, which seriously affects the combat effectiveness of the army.

Regarding how to reform, Zhao Bing felt that he did not have to completely overthrow the current military system, but adjusted and refined it based on his existing experience, so as to improve the command system, improve the army's response ability and training level, and develop towards professionalism. He also optimizes the treatment and promotion channels of military soldiers, improves the morale of the army, and thus improves combat effectiveness.

Innovation must start with top-level design. Mastering military power is the basis for maintaining autocracy and rule. Of course, Zhao Bing cannot let go, but needs to further strengthen control, without asking him that he is the supreme commander of the army. Therefore, both military and political departments must be under their absolute leadership. Without his orders, no one can act rashly. Below is a special committee composed of left, right prime ministers and prime ministers to guide and mobilize the military's major policies, followed by two departments responsible for the implementation of military and political departments.

One direct consequence of not being separated from military, political and military orders is that the most important performance evaluation of military promotion should be to examine the contributions to the improvement of the troops' combat effectiveness. If military, political and military orders are not separated, then those who hold the power of military, political and military orders can give a one-time assessment of an officer's ability and have the power to "scavenge life and death". This makes the future of all officers and soldiers almost completely rely on these commanders who have the power to gather military, political and military orders.

After the functions of military, government and military orders are separated, the administrative management of the troops is the responsibility of the administrative head. The combat capabilities of the officers and soldiers and the contribution to the improvement of the combat effectiveness of the troops will be evaluated by the military order department. It will not be decided by a commander. In this way, the use of different evaluation systems and different evaluation systems will not only make the assessment of officers and soldiers more comprehensively, but also make the promotion of officers and soldiers more fair, and it also avoids the phenomenon of relying on a certain military general and forming gangs. Based on the principle of military and political management and military orders and war management, the responsibilities and powers of the Ministry of War and the Privy Council must be adjusted.

The Ministry of War was a very embarrassing department in the Song Dynasty. In the early stage, the Privy Council was the Privy Council, and the three classes of the institutes were divided into the imperial examinations, leaving only the commander of the Yiwei and Military Personnel. After the Yuanfeng reorganization, the situation of the Ministry of War did not change much, and the power did not increase much. The military affairs were still in the Privy Council, and the military officers were selected and granted the Ministry of Personnel. The headquarters only held the militia, the famous name of the wing army, the foreign officials were appointed as the officials and the bureaus under the jurisdiction. Therefore, there was a ridicule of being in name only and a redundant position.

According to Zhao Bing's idea, the existing functions of the Ministry of War were adjusted and enriched. The basic functions were: unified management of the armed forces across the country, including the collection, organization, equipment and basic training of the imperial guards, wing troops, foreign troops and township soldiers, the production and allocation of military products, the assessment, appointment and punishment of the grade and salary of military soldiers. The preparation and establishment of war zones and the allocation of personnel, and the city, military ranch, military hospitals and military courts. However, there is still no actual military command power.

The functions of the Ministry of War have changed, so in addition to being under the jurisdiction of the Shangshu Province, they are also directly under the dual leadership of the emperor. The Ministry of War is still led by the Shangshu, but the level of the Privy Council, which is in charge of military orders is two levels different from the Privy Council, which is in charge of military orders, and it is difficult to reflect parallel management. Therefore, Zhao Bing raised the rank of the Minister of War from the second rank to the second rank. The original four departments of the Ministry of War: the Ministry of War, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of War, and the Ministry of War, respectively, which are in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of War. Later, Zhao Bing will also be under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of War, and the Ministry of War, which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War. Later, Zhao Bing will also be under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of War, and other military affairs under the Ministry of Works and the Privy Council. This has laid the foundation for this.

This time, Zhao Bing had to make major adjustments to the Ministry of War. By adding or decreasing Cao's irrelevant Cao's corps, some of which were adjusted to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War. In the past, the Ministry of War was equivalent to the General Office, responsible for assisting the work of the chief officer. In the past, there was only one doctor in charge. This time, the authority would be increased and expanded, and the promotion, investigation, change, and the qualifications and examinations of the officers previously under the Ministry of War were transferred to the Ministry of War. The recruitment of soldiers and the military registration and management of the Ministry of War were all borne by the Ministry of War. This is equivalent to the modern general politics.

The duty of the Office of the Office is to take charge of the tribute of the states and the general maps of the states, to draw a national map to fully understand the dangerous mountains and rivers in the world. Later, the Zhangzhou and counties were abolished and restored, and the four barbarians were subordinated with maps and divisions of the states and divisions, to understand the national territory, cities, forts, and beacons, which is equivalent to the General Administration of Surveying and Mapping. Zhao Bing adjusted the department of the army and assigned it to the Privy Council.

The original responsibilities of the Ku Department were to take charge of military weapons, ceremonial guards, ceremonial guards, bribery books, followers, guards of the city, and provide tents. That is, the emperor was a follower when he was traveling, acting as a guard of honor and a baggage team. The Kai Department also did the work of Taipu Temple. Zhao Bing thought that letting the Ministry of War manage these two departments was simply to find some work for the idle and idler department, so he assigned the Ku Department and the Kai Department to the Ministry of Rites to manage military affairs, and to ensure the responsibility of the Ministry of War to manage military affairs.

After removing unnecessary departments, Zhao Bing prepared to establish seven major departments in the Ministry of War, including the Infantry Department, the Naval Army Department, the Cavalry Department, the Artillery Department, the Ministry of War Department, the Bailout Department, and the Military Service Department. He raised the subordinate naval army to the military status, and the use of firearms is still in its initial stage. It can be said that it has not yet left the cold weapon stage. In order to promote the use of firearms and improve the training level as soon as possible, he felt it necessary to improve it from the military branch to the military branch.

The main responsibilities of the departments of infantry, water, cavalry and artillery are to be in charge of the management and training of their branches of the army, formulate military exercises and training plans, and assessment standards; the Department of the Ministry of War is in charge of the personnel, organization of the army, formulating relevant laws and regulations, and punishing illegal and illegal military soldiers; the Department of the logistics department is in charge of military production, food, fodder, armor, mobilization and distribution of military horses, and management of military hospitals and post stations; the Department of Military Service is in charge of the recruitment and training of new soldiers, the placement of retired soldiers, and the pension of casualties.

In terms of official establishment, Zhao Bing still took the Minister of War as the head, and set up left and right assistant ministers to assist the chief officials in charge of the seven departments, and set up houses, cases and other subordinate institutions under the department, and appoint corresponding officials according to the situation. The Secretary of War is still a scholar, but the various departments in charge of military departments are held by those in charge of military positions, and the minister in charge must also be a military general. Other three departments related to logistics are held by scholars or military officials according to the situation.

The restructuring of the Privy Council was actually the most trouble for Zhao Bing. This department has long occupied an important position in the court. It is known as the Eastern and Western prefectures of the Secretariat, "the military registration and tiger talisman". If the emperor approved it, it has the power to mobilize troops. The Privy Councilor's status was slightly lower than that of the prime minister, and was collectively called "consuls" with the political affairs of the officials, the subordinate ministers, the Minister of the Secretariat, the Left Secretary of the Secretariat, and the Left Secretary of the Secretariat. The Privy Councilor's status in the Song Dynasty was raised so high and the power was so great, and the reason was related to the class contradictions and political situation at that time at that time.
Chapter completed!