A great man once said, "China's problem is the problem of farmers, it is the problem of land." In ancient times, peasant uprisings were often caused by the collapse of the land system. Land annexation caused the vast number of farmers to lose land and live without support. The Song Dynasty did not suppress land annexation. Due to the decrease in territory and population in the Southern Song Dynasty, land annexation was also extremely serious at the end of the Song Dynasty. The land was concentrated in the hands of large landlords and bureaucrats, resulting in a surge in social conflicts and losing confidence in the country. It cannot be said that it was one of the reasons for the demise of the Song Dynasty.

The Mongols are even more bizarre. Not only did they not start to eliminate the contradictions caused by land annexation, but instead plundered and annexed land. From the perspective of possession form, the land in the Yuan Dynasty can be divided into two categories: official fields and civil fields. Official fields are land directly occupied by the feudal government represented by feudal emperors, including military fields (jun stations, civil stations), professional fields, academic fields, pastures, pastures, and large-scale land granted by the emperor to nobles, bureaucrats, and temples; civil fields refer to the private land occupied by bureaucrats, landlords, general wealthy landlords, temples, and self-cultivated farmers.

The Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty. For Mongolia, the Semu ruling class and the bureaucratic landlords of various ethnic groups in the north who defected to the Mongolian rulers, it was a wonderful gap for ordinary Han landlords to take advantage of the situation to rob and annex the land. Therefore, after the Yuan Dynasty unified China, the ownership of large land developed rapidly on the basis of the Song and Jin Dynasties. The ruling class occupied more and more land, but the land for self-cultivated farmers became less and less, and they either became tenants of feudal landlords or were displaced. In just a few decades, a more serious land concentration phenomenon occurred than that of the Northern Song and Jin Dynasties.

After the fall of the Song and Jin dynasties, not only did the original official land be converted into the ownership of the Yuan government, but the land plundered by the nobles, bureaucrats and warlords of the Song and Jin dynasties also became the official land of the Yuan dynasty, and the amount was quite considerable. Another source of the official land of the Yuan dynasty was that the land was deprived of official land and had to directly occupy private land with various excuses. The officials of the Southern Song Dynasty resolutely resisted the Yuan army, and the land of Jiangnan landlords supported the Southern Song regime's anti-Yuan struggle against the Yuan Dynasty, and their land was not used as official land.

After the Mongolian rulers of the Yuan Dynasty entered the Han agricultural areas, they realized that it was very beneficial to ensure that the people could cultivate karma and farming to consolidate their rule. Therefore, in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan implemented a series of policies that were conducive to agricultural development. However, due to the traditional habits of long-term nomadic life and the need for a large number of war horses to prevent and suppress the resistance of people of all ethnic groups, the pastures and grasslands continued to expand after the national unification. Around the military bases distributed across the country, pastures and grasslands in the mainland and the south were mainly surrounded by people's fields.

The Yuan Dynasty military farmland was plagued in all corners of the country, from the Central Plains to the border, and all land was stationed. The military farmland was wide and the official land was insufficient, so the people's land was seized. The signed households often used the "own land" to make up for the number, and the households were hereditary, so even the part of the land they occupied became official land. Once a free farmers were signed as a resident, they lost both land and personal freedom, and were forcibly attached to fixed land for generations, becoming permanent tenants of the country.

In addition, the Yuan court gave some official land to nobles and bureaucrats. The number of them was large and the popularity of the excessive gifts was rare in history. In addition to obtaining a large amount of land from the court and obtaining land from the emperor, the Mongolian nobles and bureaucrats of various ethnic groups also occupied a large area of ​​land through war plunder and other compulsory means. The Mongolian rulers used various religions as auxiliary means to rule the people since Genghis Khan, and the number of rewards to temples was astonishingly large.

The Yuan Dynasty was a typical dynasty where the poorer the poorer and the richer the richer. Mongolian nobles, Han landlord Shihou, southern wealthy businessmen and monks formed the super-rich class. The concentrated annexation of land has further developed than the previous dynasty. The lives of farmers can be imagined. Life was worse than that of one year. Moreover, in the face of huge inflation, these wealthy classes could also resist inflation through real estate such as land, real estate, gold, silver and jewelry, etc., while ordinary farmers did not have the ability and could only passively enjoy the rapid depreciation of paper money. Therefore, only twenty years after the Yuan Dynasty ruled the country, the Central Plains and Jiangnan rebels rose from all directions...

The southeast region was the last fallen area of ​​the Song Dynasty and the most fierce resistance area. Therefore, the oppression here was the most profound, with constant uprisings of all sizes and sizes. However, it was often difficult to last, and was quickly suppressed by the Yuan army, but it was also in the same situation as the Yuan court. The Affairs Bureau also fanned the flames and caused trouble in it. In Guangdong, Guangxi and Jiangxi, Fujian integrated various forces and established several small bases at the junction of Guangdong and Guangxi. Now there are only a few lonely cities left in several areas and are still under the control of the Yuan army. This is because of the agreement with the merchants of Otu, so the matter has not been further broken.

However, spontaneous uprisings by the people continued to occur. A large-scale riot occurred in Xinhui, Guangdong the spring of the previous year. When Zhao Bing found out that his relatives were involved, he was Lin Guifang. His father Lin Huo was the prefect of Qiongzhou in the Song Dynasty and retired to his hometown. When he was moving to the court, he fell in love with Zhao Bici, a member of the Zhao Song royal family, who was escorting him, and became close friends.

Zhao Bici's original name was Xunya, and Zhao Kuangyin's eleventh generation grandson. He became a Jinshi and was named Shangzhu Kingdom. The Yuanshi captured Lin'an and fled south with Yang Fei to protect the two kings. He went from Fujian to Guangdong. He entrusted his eldest son Zhao Liangqin and his second son Zhao Liangqin to Lin Huo. He died in Yashan. Lin Huo was responsible for raising Zhao Si, and hid them in Dongxiang, Muzhou Town, and changed Zhao Liangqin's name to Lin Danu and Zhao Liangqin's name to Lin Ernu.

Lin Huo lived up to his expectations and treated the two as close relatives. He taught poetry and courts, practiced bows and skills, and was unremitting throughout the year. Lin Huo had two sons, Lin Guifang, the second son, was very friendly and friendly with the Zhao brothers. A few years later, Qiongzhou became increasingly popular, and several young people responded as soon as they discussed it. He held a flag and charity in Luobangan, west of Zaomu Mountain, gathered thousands of people to resist the Yuan Dynasty and restore the Song Dynasty.

Think about the young boys, who had no military training and had no experience in leading troops to fight, and had a hot mind, they raised the flag of uprising with their temporary courage. Xinhui and Guangzhou were a short distance away, and it was also a coastal city. How could the Yuan army sit and watch? Wang Shouxin, the head of Xuanwei Office of Guangdong, led his army to suppress it. In one battle, the rebel army was defeated, losing more than 3,000 people, and the army commander Pan Sheren was captured. Only after the defeat did the few people realize that the war was not so fun, so they could only retreat to Zaomu Mountain, and be in danger under the siege of the enemy.

At this time, Pingkang Ounanxi and Ma Nanbao took the opportunity to invade the incident. Cai Da Lao, Zhong Da Lao, Tang Da Lao and others responded to capture and kill Helapuhua, the Yuan-Guangdong Daluoshi, and the troops to reinforce Lin Guifang's troops. For a time, the ridges and seas were shaken, and the enemy general Zhang Yu led 10,000 troops to fight with the troops from Jiangxi Province. The two sides suffered repeated defeats in the Yuan army. Seeing that the situation was very good, Ounanxi and Ma Nanbao fought in Guangzhou, but they failed to fight again, so they had to go back to Xinhui and contact Li De. Li De then gathered more than 700 boats of all sizes, claiming to be 200,000 people to respond to the uprising.

Seeing that the incident in Guangdong became more and more serious and had already made a big fuss, Zhao Bing was so angry that his head hurt. He wanted to make a fortune by using his cooperation with the merchants of Otuo, accumulate strength, arrange chess pieces, and at the same time train the new army by accumulating experience while fighting, and at the same time arming the righteous and bravery to establish a reliable base. Everything went smoothly in the past. Ten infantry divisions and three Marine Brigades changed their clothes and went through actual combat, and five volunteers were incorporated with tens of thousands of troops.

But it would be fine if a few young people made trouble. Zhao Bing had already sent the navy into Yashan to take action to take his two relatives to Qiongzhou for trouble. Unexpectedly, Ma Nanbao took the opportunity to raise the matter and messed up in a mess. Li De was a pirate team incorporated by the Bureau of Affairs. He was originally a smuggling goods and transporting private salt, but now he also made a fuss. Thinking about how more than 200,000 people attacked Guangzhou and killed officials, he could hide it. But he kindly used the banner of "anti-Yuan and restored Song" and the account must be settled on him.

Sure enough, within a few days, the merchants of Otu came to the door to question, saying that Qiongzhou did not comply with the agreement and disrupted Guangdong, and they could no longer suppress the matter. Zhao Bing was also helpless. Speaking of which, these merchants of Otu were very helpful. Before, because a salt trafficking team he belonged to had a conflict with the recruitment of the Jiangxi Province, the leader of his team, Chen Liangchen, launched tens of thousands of people from various private trafficking teams in Dongguan, Xiangshan and Huizhou to prepare for confrontation. In the end, the merchants of Otu made their way through the inspectors of the Jiangxi Province and actually dismissed the incident.

The incident was a big deal. The marshal of Yidu, the Jiangxi province of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty, and Xuanwei sent Bai Zuo and two ten thousand households to join Wang Shouxin to suppress the "rebels". Zhao Bing really wanted to leave these unorganized and undisciplined "branders" and let them be wiped out by the Yuan army. However, he thought that there were two of his own royal relatives there. In addition, Ma Nanbao was awarded the Minister of Works for funding the food and wages of the court. The sage once lived in their homes, and they were also loyal to the court. If he let go, he would seem to be unwilling enough.

Zhao Bing knew that once his strength was exposed, he would lead to heavy troops from Kublai Khan's troops, and the chess pieces he had set up with great effort would be pulled out one by one. Those brave men would be wiped out in a minute without taking action. Although they claimed to be 200,000 people, half of them would be good, and those who could fight had to be reduced by 50%. He had no choice but to act as a firefighting team. He sent two divisions of troops to Guangzhou to attack, and then the Otu merchants mediated from it. One was to let the Yuan army that encircled the rebels to withdraw their troops and return to the aid; the other was to sell them to the Otu merchants for face and repay their personal favors.

Of course, the fake play has to be done. The Song army has been here many times in Guangzhou. In order to prevent the Song army from being occupied again, the city walls of Guangzhou were demolished and turned into a large slum. The Qiongzhou navy was familiar with the road and pulled out the nails outside the port and rushed into the port. Then, following the teachings of the little emperor's thieves not leaving the empty space, the soldiers 'robbed' the original foreign city and bombarded the official office with artillery fire, so that they could surrender as soon as possible, otherwise they would slaughter all the Mongolians in the city.

Everyone has not forgotten the scene of the Qiongzhou army breaking through Guangzhou City. Of course, the people hoped that the king's army would enter the city, but the bureaucratic and merchants were frightened. At that time, the people killed were bleeding and their family wealth was clean. So they reported to the Jiangxi Province to ask for help as soon as possible. Although Guangzhou has declined, it is still an important town in the southeast, and the consequences will be unimaginable. The Otu merchants also took the opportunity to appear and mediate and let the enemy retreat.

After some bargaining, the result was finally achieved in May. The Yuan army retreated and let the "rebels" disperse themselves and no longer hold them accountable. The Song army collected ransoms and retreated. The whole city raised 2 million guan of silver and 500,000 stones of grain and immediately withdrew the troops after handing them to the Song army. Of course, the Otu merchants did not suffer any loss. They were both good at benefiting and gained a good reputation. Zhao Bing took the opportunity to invite these "grandfathers" back to Qiongzhou. They should be rectified and spanked, but the seeds have been planted, waiting for the spring rain to come again...

After four years of the reign, the dynasty has been established in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi and Fujian, and they can both attack and defend each other, and can also echo each other. At the same time, Zhao Bing selected officials from the reign to establish governments, improve institutions, and implement management. Nowadays, the large bases occupy several states, and the small ones also occupy several counties. Although they are all remote areas, the population is more than 4 million.

According to the class analysis learned in Zhao Bing's previous life, he knew that there were two major categories of the people in the occupied areas. One was the powerful surname, who raised the flag to rebel for profit. The other was the poor households, some of whom were hungry and cold, and followed the rebels in order to change their situation. The strong surnames had conflicts with the Yuan court, but they often colluded with officials and made mutual profit. They could rise up to resist the government under certain conditions, but their fundamental interests were consistent with the ruling class. However, the general people from poor households were firm participants in the resistance.

Therefore, Zhao Bing also knew that the people on the base land could not be tied to his own chariot by justice alone. They should benefit them and see the benefits to be willing to go on the chariot. The Chinese have a special complex for land, and in the current agricultural society, the land is the lifeblood of farmers, so Zhao Bing first implemented land reform in various base areas. Based on the experience accumulated in Qiongzhou, he still used the method of calculating land by word of mouth, so that the people could be tied to the land, preventing them from escaping, and at the same time abolished various tyrants and miscellaneous taxes, opened schools, and selected local wise and kind gentry to participate in management.

The source of land is naturally to rob, kill those traitors, kill the Tartar nobles who occupied the land, expel the Semu people who occupied the land, and allocate the land to the people and the liberation of the "drivers". If you want to occupy these land for a long time, you have to fight and fight with the enemy. Once the blood of the Tartars is stained with the blood of the Tartars, it will be difficult to turn back. Only by uniting under the banner of the court can you survive and protect your own gains.
Chapter completed!