Seeing that the emperor's wedding date was approaching, the ministers also considered that the time was tight and the itinerary was a bit cumbersome. Another emperor's ceremonial guards were too disturbing the people, and there were many things at the end of the year, so everyone went to accompany the sacrifices, and the court had to be paralyzed. The young emperor also said that there were many old ministers in the court, and they didn't say that they were tired every day, even if they were accompanying the sacrifices, they couldn't bear it. Therefore, everyone went down and held a meeting to discuss, thinking that this was in line with the etiquette, so the empress dowager approved the emperor's request and handled the year-end sacrifice and the temple.

Of course, this is also something that everyone knows. The ministers know that accompanying the sacrifice is a hard work. Not only does it go out early and come back late, but the ceremony is also long. Just getting up and kneeling down can make you tired. Why not be lazy? As for what the little emperor thinks, they are also very clear. One is to feel sorry for money, and the other is to be impatient with these rituals. Since that is the case, why bother yourself!

This is the meaning, but this reason is unspeakable, so we naturally need to find a high-sounding reason. Therefore, after careful consideration, the Secretariat Monks and the Lin'an Prefecture jointly issued a document to inform the people: Because the world was initially determined and the state affairs were heavy, in order to save the national school and not disturb the people, Your Majesty decided to keep the year-end sacrifice simple, and reduce the ceremonial guard by 30% and hold it together with the temple. After reviewing the classics, it is in line with the way of heaven, the lower the people's opinion, and the empress dowager's instructions are correct!

"Study less, be bullied!" Zhao Bing wanted to slap himself in both mouths. He suddenly realized that he had been fooled by those old fried dough sticks.

To be precise, he was used. According to the custom, the Empress Dowager issued an edict, and Taichang Temple chose the auspicious day and time. The Grand Secretary wrote the tribute, and a officials of the Ministry of Rites explained etiquette and rules to Zhao Bing. He understood some things from the mouth of the officials of the Ministry of Rites. His good mood, which had just been complacent about his own plan, was swept away in an instant. He couldn't help but secretly regret why he didn't read more books when he was a child, and so he fell into the pit repeatedly.

Speaking of which, suburban worship is a national ceremony for the emperors in the suburbs to worship the world, and it is also a national celebration for ancient Chinese emperors to worship the world. However, due to the evolution of history, the suburban worship system itself has undergone continuous changes in its development process. The pre-Qin period was the primitive heyday of the suburban worship system. The Qin and Han dynasties were the period of political maturity. The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to China's political division and invasion of ethnic minorities, the suburban worship system was empty and written. This was the period of decline of the suburban worship system. The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the period of restoration and re-establishment of the suburban worship system. The Five Dynasties and the Two Song Dynasties were the period of political variation of the suburban worship system.

From a formal perspective, since the Han Dynasty, the suburban worship system has been worshipping the world in person every year, and it is no longer normal. Until the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, there was no customization for the holding of suburban worship, and there was no regularity. In the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, it was decided that every year, there was a supervision of the regular worship, just like the old scriptures of the Three Dynasties. The rituals of the suburban worship were: every winter solstice, the Circular Mound in the first month, the Xin prayer for the valley in the first month, the sacrificial sacrifices in the summer, and the sacrificial sacrifices in the autumn, and the four sacrifices to the God of Haotian; the sacrificial sacrifices in person will be set up to be the emperor.

However, the Song Dynasty did not follow the Tang system in a constant state, especially in the pro-subordinate system. First of all, the time for the suburbs was not based on the Tang system, and there was no customization. It was not until the Zhenzong year that it was changed to the three-year sacrificial ceremony, which became customization. When it was passed down to Zhao Bing, it was the first time that he held a suburbs' sacrificial ceremony in eight years since he succeeded to the throne. However, he was not the king who set a precedent, but the emperors of the Song Dynasty had long broken the rules.

The change in the sacrificial system of the Song Dynasty should have originated from the Mingtang system, and it was accidental. In the second year of Emperor Renzong's Emperor You, a suburban sacrifice should be held, but because the sun was at dusk and it should be avoided, Prime Minister Song Xiang invited Ji Qiu to have a great treat in Mingtang. Zhao Bing felt that Renzong must have seen a loophole like him, so he became lazy. He ordered the ceremony of the winter solstice to be sacrificial in the southern suburbs of the winter solstice, and to sacrifice in Mingtang for something. After that, it gradually became a system, allowing the Song Dynasty's relatives to walk into the indoors from the outdoors, and the Mingtang gradually became an important ritual system for the relatives.

You should know that suburban sacrifice is a ritual that concretizes the Confucian destiny. Suburban sacrifice is a major national ritual that China has been ceremonially held throughout the ages, and observing etiquette is an important basis for Confucian rule of the country. The Song people could naturally feel the changes in the ritual system. Su Shi, who was the Minister of Rites at the time of Zhezong, put forward the view that Song rituals were "none of them were not Zhou rituals" and pointed out:

"In ancient times, two worshipped the sky in one year, one worshipped the emperor in the Mingtang, five worshipped the air in four seasons, two worshipped the earth, and four enjoyed the temple. These fifteen were all sacrificed by the emperor. And the sun, the moon in the evening, the four looking at the mountains and rivers, the country, and the small sacrifices were also worshipped by the Zhou rituals." In the Song Dynasty, the emperor worshipped by the emperor "three years and one suburbs". "The rituals of Zhou were worshipped by the Zhou rituals as many as the other", "The rituals of Zhou were worshipped by the few"; "The rituals of today are worshipped by the relatives as the common rituals", and "the rituals of today are worshipped by the relatives as the great rituals of today."

Recommending the Taimiao and worshiping ancestors is the second only to worshiping heaven and earth. Even the Song people themselves said: "According to the rituals of hundreds of kings, the history of the world is different, and worshiping heaven and earth in suburban hills, worshiping God in Mingtang, and raising ancestors in Taimiao. These three are rituals that are not changed in the world for generations." According to the Zhou Li, there are two sacrifices in the ancestral temple: one is a regular sacrifice, which is enjoyed immediately, and is a sacrifice; the other is to pay tribute, that is, the state has major affairs, and the ancestral temple is reported; all of which are performed by the lord in person.

However, since the Han Dynasty, the ritual system has been abandoned. Most of the people in the suburbs did not personally attend the sacrifices of the suburbs. It was custom-made after the middle of the Tang Dynasty: when the three years old and one suburbs were three days ago, the Taiqing Palace and the Taimiao were enjoyed on the next day, and the next day there was a meeting in the southern suburbs. Due to the system, the Song Dynasty enjoyed the Jingling Palace on the first day, the Taimiao Palace on the second day, and the Taimiao ceremony on the third day.

The sacrifice is like this, so what about the main sacrifice? According to the Song Dynasty system, the Taimiao period was held in the four months of Mengyue and Jidong for five years. The first and last days were recommended for new food. Every three years was held for the first winter and every five years was held for the first summer. However, the main sacrifice in the Song Dynasty was a regular sacrifice. Although the rituals were given a great ceremony, the officials ordered the officials to take charge of the affairs. Only in October of the fourth year of Jiayou of Renzong, the Song Dynasty personally performed the ritual ceremony once. The Song people were a little dissatisfied with this.

In "The Grand Ceremony of Renzong begging for His Holiness to Sail the Great Ceremony" by Fu Bi: The state dynasty worships sacrifices, and they are strict but not tragic. Every three years, the emperor must personally perform sacrifices in the southern suburbs. He can be said to be rituals in the way of worshiping heaven. Only the ancestral temples were sent to ministers to the ceremony, and they were only enjoyed by the time. They were not taught by their own sacrifices. They were indeed written by the national history of the missing rituals and enjoyed the Taimiao, and most of them were sacrifices in the suburbs. However, this was a sacrifice." Cai Xiang also criticized Renzong: "The Zhou system, and there were nine rituals for enjoying relatives in the four seasons. Now the temples and temples are carriages again one year ago. They have never recommended offering sacrifices to the ancestral temples, so they did not teach the public's opinion first!" It is indeed contrary to the traditional patriarchal spirit.

Zhao Bing felt that since Confucians felt the changes in the ritual system, why did they not firmly oppose it, but instead adopted a compromise attitude? Of course, he would not believe that the changes in the sacrificial system were only superficial changes, and there must be deep-seated things in it. Modern people only learn politics for a few days and know the principle that the economic foundation determines the superstructure. Therefore, he felt that "ritual" is closely related to the development and changes of the social and economic foundation.

Sure enough, under Zhao Bing's various inquiries, the official of the ritual gave a vague answer, but in his explanation, he quoted a sentence from Renzong in his reply to Cai Xiang's criticism, saying: "At three years old, one temple is buried in the suburbs, and the world is enshrined. If you personally do it every year, people will be coveted and rewarded. I am serving the three saints in the forbidden day and night, and I have never dared to be lazy." This can be said to have a word to reveal the secret of heaven-the emperor did not want to, but did not dare to preside over the main sacrifice himself. Because the high expenses required for personal sacrifice forced him not to go! In short, just one sentence - it was all a shortage of money.

The emperor's personal sacrifice is actually not just a gift. The emperor's personal sacrifice is to pay a small amount of money. In fact, there are three things to do: one is to give up four suburbs; the other is to cherish the children; the third is to worship the children.

Zhao Bing still knew about the "Four Amnesty". One is the regular amnesty, and the scope of the amnesty is to eliminate the ten evils, fighting, robbery, murder, murder and killing for himself, and arson, and arson. The official scriptures violate the law and betray the law and the stolen goods until they die, and the other crimes are all forgiven; the second is the general amnesty, and all the crimes are released from the world, and all the crimes are released from the world. Even if the crimes are not original, the crimes are eliminated; the third is the condolences, and the only way is to be forgiven, the only way is to be one state, or a capital, or a capital; the fourth is to be to be virtuous, and the crimes are passed down, and the other crimes are released from the other crimes are also released from the other crimes.

On this issue, Zhao Bing believed that the main function of amnesty for the suburbs was to ease class contradictions. In fact, from another perspective, the large-scale implementation of amnesty also reflects the unprecedented intensification of class contradictions. Because the Song Dynasty has been implementing heavy taxes, it has led to a large number of farmers, merchants, and small and medium-sized landlords who have lost their ability to repay, making them criminals.

This not only intensifies class contradictions, but also loses the hearts of the people and loses the basis of rule. In order to ease this increasingly sharp contradiction, there is no other way except for pardon, and it also gives people who have lost their productivity a chance to regenerate. Putting this in a personal sacrifice situation undoubtedly directly shows the mercy of the emperor and can also apply makeup to the emperor.

Yinzi is actually a perverted hereditary system, which can be found everywhere in Chinese history. However, as a political addition to the system of personal sacrifice, Yinzi had an essential change in the Song Dynasty. This is a political idea of ​​preferential treatment for the ruling class, mainly literati and officials, and a reflection of the system of personal sacrifice and the reflection of feudal privilege in the system of personal sacrifice.

However, the people of the Song Dynasty generally agreed to have some restrictions on the view of this issue, unlike the view of "pardoning in the suburbs". Even though Yinzi is one of the main factors that cause redundant officials, the bureaucracy is the greatest vested interest in this system, so naturally no one will really oppose it, otherwise they will be attacked by groups.

As for personal worship and rewarding the soldiers, they rewarded the officers and soldiers of the army. This is an "old law" that originated in the Tang Dynasty, but the scope of rewards was limited, only for guards and guards of honor. However, the scope of rewards was greatly expanded during the Five Dynasties. In Zhao Bing's view, it can actually be regarded as a political condition for the exchange of privileges between the emperor and the army. The reason why the Song Dynasty continued to maintain this system was that he thought it was purely a heartbreaking problem left by Taizu Zhao Kuangyin after usurped power and seized the throne.

In fact, it was the continuous and continuous mutinies of the Five Dynasties that left an indelible shadow on Zhao Kuangyin. The Zhou Lisong and Song Dynasty were established after a long war and chaos since the Five Dynasties, which made him a difficult situation of being unable to bear to do things and unable to stop on the issue of personal sacrifices and enjoying the army. However, it gradually solidified and formed a system, which also became the main political content of the emperor's personal sacrifices.

The huge cost of the military rewards was that after the southward transit, in the year of suburban sacrifice, the suburban sacrifices were forced to stop the suburban sacrifices because of insufficient money. Some people would wonder if the emperor was stupid. If you switch to the name of the court, can you transfer the expenses? But Zhao Bing would say, you are stupid! In fact, in his opinion, as a sacrificial sacrifice for religious activities, the nature of the nature has changed at this moment. It turned out that some political attachments to religious activities - pardon, shade, and rewards - gradually became the main content.

Therefore, it is better to say that the ritual worship ceremony in the Song Dynasty was a religious activity, but rather a political activity held in religious forms. It was a national grand ceremony used by the emperor to enhance personal superstition. And putting this in the occasion of personal worship is also a reflection of the political characteristics of further strengthening feudal autocracy in the suburban worship system. All kindness and rewards are given in the name of the emperor, which undoubtedly improves the status of the emperor. However, due to the excessive solemnity, the status of the permanent worship has declined, the status of the personal worship has increased, and at the same time it has caused the country's financial crisis.

After thinking through this matter, Zhao Bing also figured out one thing: what kind of ancestral family laws cannot be changed. Even the traditional rituals and laws that have been inherited are constantly evolving and alienating in reality. How can there be an eternal family law? It is just that they use this as an excuse to hinder their innovation. The reason for this is that their actions have hurt their interests.

"They have a good plan!" This time, his personal sacrifice was carried out in the name of the emperor, and of course the expenses were all from the inner warehouse. This could be said to be a worse problem for Zhao Bing's wallet, which made him suspect that this was another pitfall. If he lost the ability to control the country's finances, he would inevitably ask the court for money. At that time, if someone involved in wasting the country at will, he would no longer be a slander of the emperor. It would be honest and honest.

At the moment, Zhao Bing felt that he had to be careful when he walked into the mine formation. If there was a slight mistake, the pool would explode under his feet. He didn't know what would collapse, but he must be the one who was injured. He also understood that this was just the beginning. As the situation develops, the battle between imperial power and ministerial power will become more intense, but it is not as his will.
Chapter completed!