Chapter 192 189. Crazy

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The experimental group's experiments on adrenal gland extract are still in progress, and it is impossible to talk about the so-called clinical trials conducted by modern pharmaceutical companies.

In fact, from Carvey's understanding of adrenal hormones, a large part of the experiments can be deleted. For almost all doctors in the 19th century, whether drugs are poisonous or effective is a binary metaphysical question of God's gift or divine punishment.

It is far from the level that requires experimental verification.

You can get a glimpse of this by looking at the self-dispensing pharmacies everywhere in big cities.

Even if someone is really willing to do the so-called experiments, it will only be one or two small-scale animal experiments, and then they can be used in clinical practice. If the drug can be used, it will be a success for doctors and pharmacists, and it will become a good story; if

No, the patient won’t actually have much of a problem.

After all, the periodic table of elements has a high degree of overlap with the pharmacopoeia at that time.

The reason why these "medicines" can continue to be used is because the original drugs were basically taken orally, and intravenous administration routes were not discovered, so many poisons could only produce chronic effects.

For truly toxic substances such as arsenic, the dosage can be controlled to achieve what doctors call various "curative effects."

The reason why Kawe asked Savarin and others to conduct as many animal experiments as possible was definitely not because of toxicity, but because it was difficult to control the concentration of the extract.

Intramuscular injection is okay and not very dangerous, but in critical situations, especially when dealing with trauma in field hospitals, intramuscular injection of such an impure extract may not be able to achieve clinical use.

At that time, intravenous drip or more severe intravenous push is needed. Unlike pituitary extract, indiscriminately injecting epinephrine into the blood vessels without knowing the purpose is not only fatal but also meaningless. [1]

The main problems are drug sensitivity, main functions and too single detection method.

Pituitary extracts, namely vasopressin and oxytocin, have a narrow range of use and a very direct form of expression. They are only used for cesarean section. Their function is to increase the heart rate and uterine contractions. The hormones in other pituitary extracts have a great impact on the changes in the patient's vital signs.

limited.

Adrenal gland extract is different because it is also mixed with corticosteroids, making it more widely used than modern times.

Kavit can detect the safe range of medication by only monitoring heart rate, but it cannot detect its biggest effect - increasing blood pressure. If the effect of the drug cannot be measured, the effective dose cannot be determined, so at first Kavit only regarded it as

The final trump card is used.

Even though Savarin had always said that he had basically calculated the safe concentration through experiments, after several days, Kawei had no intention of using it on patients. Because it would be useless, and it might even cause a certain patient to suffer from individual differences due to individual differences.

The conclusion after use misleads the judgment of real patients when using Kawei.

But whether it was good luck or some other unspeakable reason, Fernan and the blood pressure monitor appeared in front of him one after another.

Fernand suffered from upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and the amount of bleeding was not small. Blood transfusion alone would have the risk of transfusion reaction and wound infection. At this time, it was very important to give him a dose of epinephrine.

And he is a death row prisoner. Even if something happens to him, Kawei will not be thrown into prison like the doctor who gave strange treatment that led to the patient's death.

In fact, if it had not been for the adrenal extract the night before, even if Fernan survived, it would be difficult to guarantee his physical condition. He might die from the stimulation of ether, bleeding during surgery, incision infection or any other cause of death as soon as he goes on stage tomorrow.

.

"I'm sorry, Mr. Fernand. You should have some discomfort next, such as nausea, vomiting, palpitation or... forget it, it's not your first time using it."

Carvey asked Savarin to prepare the calculated dosage of the extract, and he sat in front of Fernand's bed and said: "We have mastered the approximate dosage of intramuscular injection, and now we will choose intravenous infusion.

Your blood pressure will be monitored during the procedure.”

Looking at the blood pressure monitor that he had never seen before, Fernand felt like a prey for the first time. This was an experience he had never had after killing his wife and Albert: "You won't kill me now, will you?"

"

"This machine is very safe." Kawei saw what he was more worried about and comforted him.

Fernand looked at Savarin, who was walking towards him with a syringe, and snorted softly: "Whether it's a noose, a guillotine, your scalpel, or an inexplicable injection of drugs, I will end up dead. Tomorrow

When I arrived at Michel Square and saw the angry crowd, I had to go to God. No, God would definitely not want me. I only deserve to go to hell."

"Who knows what will happen tomorrow." Kawei sighed, "But you have to know that I am a doctor and my job is to save people."

"Saving people? Doesn't this operation cost my life?"

"It's just that the mortality rate is relatively high. There is a 95% chance that you will die on the operating table." Kawei said, "I have explained this to you before."

"What about the remaining 5%?"

"You have to judge based on the condition of your stomach, but the vast majority of these 5% will die on the same day, and it is almost impossible to survive until the next day."

Fernand has already realized his fate: "Isn't this still the death penalty? It may be more torture than the death penalty!"

"There was no choice in the crime you committed."

Kawei didn't take his words seriously: "I still have to thank His Majesty the King. If it were Britain or France, you might have been tortured into human form. If time went forward for a while, you might have been tortured in the basement.

If someone is beaten to death with sticks, there is no chance of going to the execution stand."

"Hahaha~~~" Fernand laughed a few times, "You are right."

Kawei watched the medicine slowly being injected into his body, and asked Mattik to start monitoring his heart rate, and then continued to explain: "But even so, this is still different from the death penalty."

"They're all dead, what's the difference?"

"A simple death penalty will only destroy you and may calm the anger of many people, but to the human race you are just an insignificant butcher and it does not mean much."

Kawei looked at the blood pressure monitor in Koch's hand and the stethoscope in Mattick's hand, and said: "But this public surgery is different. Your life at least atones for your sins and also slightly promotes the development of surgery."

Adrenaline reacted immediately after entering the blood. Fernand could feel his heartbeat speeding up, but he had no reaction to Kawei's words: "."

"Maybe in my opinion, this can be regarded as a kind of 'rescue'." Kawei asked the two Xiang, "How is your heart rate and blood pressure?"

"The heart rate increased from the original 95 to 115, and the change was very obvious."

"The blood pressure came out, the upper pressure was 113, and the lower pressure was 60." Koch took off the stethoscope on his ear and felt a little strange, "There seems to be no change in the lower pressure."

Kawei was not surprised, because this is a normal reaction of adrenaline [2]: "Monitor for a while, and wait half an hour to see the situation before deciding whether to increase the dose."

"good."

Fernand had killed many people and knew his state at that time, but he could not find this kind of thing in Kawei and his team. It seemed that they were working just for medicine and never considered taking their own lives.

"You can definitely find other people to test the medicine, or find other patients who are vomiting blood, why bother looking for me?"

"Who told you to be my patient before?" Kawei sighed, realizing that the other party seemed to have misunderstood, and quickly explained, "Don't get me wrong, I'm just regretting my skills. What if you were so inexplicable?"

If you die on the street, all the skills I used on you will be in vain!"

This experiment was successful. Fernan's physical tolerance was higher than Kawei imagined, allowing him to collect a lot of useful data, including a single effective therapeutic dose and a slight overdose.

By finding the boundaries of medication, Kawei felt confident during the operation.

Soon, the time came to the day of the open-air surgery, May 10th at 1 pm.

I have to say that Laszlo’s construction team was really awesome. In less than three days, the open space around the fountain in the center of Michel Square was turned into an open surgical theater with layers of wooden fences and seats.

An open-air carnival square that can accommodate thousands of people, similar to a scaled-down version of the ancient Roman economic arena, rose from the ground.

This is indeed a bold attempt. At least in the recorded history of Europe, this kind of battle has only been carried out in the autopsy of dead people. The combination of living death row prisoners + serious illness + surgery is really rare.

Because of its rarity, even if there is no obvious place for money to be spent, money will pour into it desperately.

The sales of tickets for this surgery are handled by four temporary ticket booths, located in the four directions of the east, west, north and south at the intersection of Michel Square. A limited number of 20 tickets will be sold from these places every hour, and the seats are completely random, while supplies last

.

However, the original ticket price of 1 kronor was simply unsustainable, and not long after it went on sale, it went up in the hands of some people.

The newspaper published the news on the morning of May 8. The ticket booth opened at noon that day and began selling tickets for 1 kronor. However, the fares in some channels rose to more than 10 kronor in the first hour.

The price alone has shut out many poor people. They can only stand on the outermost side of the square to catch a glimpse of the king and the French ambassador.

Or work as a porter and stay up all night waiting for the ticket booth to sell tickets.

This situation resulted in a large number of quarrels and physical conflicts, and the police station had to deploy additional manpower to maintain public order. But the matter did not end there, because the uniqueness of the surgery attracted many upper-class audiences, so the price continued to increase over the next 24 hours.

It keeps rising at an incredible speed.

At 1 p.m., the number of notes secretly circulating was only 12 kronor. At 2 p.m., it was sold for 20 kronor, and at 3 p.m., it was sold for 40 kronor.

Immediately afterwards, the price of tickets changed from hourly to half-hourly. By 9 p.m., when the ticket booth closed, the ticket price in the hands of scalpers had doubled several times, reaching 160 kronor.

And this is just one day's market changes on May 8.

On the next day, May 9, the price changes were even more exaggerated. The starting price in the morning was 240 kronor. Many people said they were crazy, but reality slapped them hard in the face, because the increase on this day alone had already reached

A staggering 500 kronor.

The closing price was 740 kroner per seat.

This is still the outermost position of the infield. In fact, it is not much different from the ordinary people outside the infield. The first row of seats that really leaked out is firmly in the hands of the nobles, because it seems to be random.

The ticket sales process has already changed in the process of crazy bidding.

As the conductor watches the scalpers make money, he himself becomes a higher-level scalper.

The ticket prices for the first row seats have already exceeded four figures, and those who get them are nothing more than wealthy aristocrats and entrepreneurs. They may not be interested in surgery, but in the face of this carnival, they have no reason not to join in the fun.

.

And in the evening of that day, this kind of bidding and price increase was not limited to tickets, but spread to the buildings and apartments around the square.

Because of a good visual distance and angle, the small apartment can be rented out for 500 kronor for a short afternoon. By the morning of the operation, the tickets were sold out, and all the rooms in the surrounding corners were also occupied.

After renting it out, the warm-up activities before the carnival have come to an end.
To be continued...