Semmelweis's failure was actually the product of a combination of various factors.

Like Laszlo, he is Hungarian, does not know French and Latin, and is not proficient in Austrian German. This is very disadvantageous in the Austrian medical community, which is mainly German, French and Latin. In addition to the lengthy writing time

, he also has to face other negative feedback caused by grammatical errors.

Some people even questioned the author's medical ability because of his poor writing skills. This made Semmelweis very disgusted with publishing his research reports.

Secondly, those obstetricians who think highly of themselves use their status and knowledge as weapons to attack their colleagues wantonly, intentionally or unintentionally forcing others to take sides in order to suppress their opponents.

Unfortunately, Semmelweis classified all other obstetricians into the hostile camp with the incident of "not washing hands leading to maternal death". No one wants to be the orphan maker in other people's mouths under this argument.

.

The long-term struggle alone gave rise to a third reason, which was Dr. Semmelweis's depression and paranoia.

Academic circles are often filled with various opinions, and naturally there will be objections if there are approvals. It is better to be questioned than to be ignored. When others ignored the factual data he gave, Semmelweis did not stabilize his mentality and also

Instead of presenting further research and experimental data, he lashed out at his critics in a large number of open letters.

His reply was full of pain, despair and anger, and appeared "extremely controversial and offensive" to those who argued back.[1]

The subjects include famous European obstetricians, such as: Speight, Scanzoni, Siebold, Marcus, the current director of obstetrics at the Municipal General Hospital, and even his own former obstetrics tutor Klein, as well as "all

Other obstetricians”.

"You actually agree with the views of a medical traitor?" Marcus couldn't believe his ears, "He even publicly stated that his mentor, who was also my mentor, the outstanding Austrian obstetrician Johann Klein, was a murderer!

"

"We cannot oppose every point of view just because a person is paranoid by nature."

"ridiculous......"

In Marcus' eyes, let alone discussing with each other, even sitting in the same room with Kawei was a kind of blasphemy against his own identity. So as soon as he realized that he was wasting time, he immediately stood up and prepared to leave

director's office.

"Doctor Marcus, please stay." It was the dean who spoke this time.

Although he played a role in fueling Dr. Semmelweis's resignation, today he is on Kavey's side. From speaking for the young man before, now he has completely looked at these two things from Kavey's perspective.

ownership of a room.

"I still hope that you can wait until Mr. Carvey has finished speaking before making a decision."

Marcus was surprised by his attitude: "Mr. Dean, he and Semmelweis are in the same group. In their eyes, you and I are both murderers."

"Ok, I know."

"You know and still speak for him?"

"This is not a question of right or wrong." The dean immediately stopped smiling, coughed twice, and explained seriously, "I am not only a doctor, but also the dean. I must consider the overall situation of the entire hospital."

Marcus really didn't understand how a young boy could become a key figure affecting the overall situation, but he knew very well that the dean was indeed a guy who could fall into both directions.

Otherwise, this welfare hospital would have been unable to open long ago.

In fact, for the director, the most important thing is that the hospital can continue to operate, and anything can be discussed as long as it is beneficial to the hospital.

Semmelweis publicly made extreme remarks at that time. Not only other doctors could not tolerate him, but even his own tutor could not tolerate him. It caused public outrage and the dean had no reason to help him even if he wanted to.

But Kawei is different. What he wants is not recognition of his views. He just wants the laboratory. It doesn't matter whether Marcus agrees or not, as long as the laboratory is given to him.

If you don't give it, then you can only apply pressure.

Laszlo can be considered a good card. The dean does not think that Mr. Laszlo will recover his investment for Kavi, but he is not afraid of ten thousand, just in case. He is not willing to gamble, and there is no need to gamble. Anyway, Marku

Si is easy to deal with, just draw a few big cakes.

"You need to understand that Kavi is a friend of Mr. Laszlo." The dean pointed out the relationship directly and said without any nonsense, "Mr. Laszlo's 200,000 kronor sponsorship has not arrived yet. When it does, the hospital will expand the maternity ward."

This is a good pie, and at least it can make Marcus smell the fragrance: "Don't Ignatz come to compete with me again then."

"It doesn't matter. Mr. Laszlo has specially prepared a copy for Ignatz, and he won't compete with you."

"Oh, Ignatz, who is aloof by nature, will also please the capitalists?"

"Maybe it was true at first. If it hadn't saved Mr. Laszlo's life later, the sponsorship he would have received would have been only 50,000 crowns."

"What now?"

"150000."

"You want to fight for a room with me for 150,000 yuan."

"That's Ignatz's, not his."

Marcus didn't understand the interest relationship. Since the dean promised to expand the maternity ward, he could only agree: "Since you said so, I'm afraid I have no other correct option except agreeing."

After saying that, he was ready to leave.

"Dr. Marcus, don't you want to see the contents of the experiment?"

"Haha, what's so interesting about an experiment that tries to prove that a doctor is a murderer?"

"The teacher may be wrong. I have no interest in proving such illusory conceptual issues." Kawei said, "I am only interested in the fact that the first obstetric ward has such a high mortality rate. If Teacher Marcus can

Give a definite reason or reason and I can abandon the experiment."

Marcus would not follow Kawei's nonsense, but he still listened to his experimental plan out of curiosity.

Semmelweis originally discovered the common phenomenon of puerperal fever in many hospitals after extensive research and comparison.【2】

He even once agreed with the theory of demolition and construction of hospital wards [3], but this approach requires a lot of money and is too short-lived, so it is impossible to establish in the municipal general hospital.

Semmelweis was unable to express his arguments in standard language at first, and could not stand the refutations or even personal attacks of these people, so that he became everyone's enemy when he also used the same method.

In fact, it is not difficult to verify this view, a simple random comparison will do.

In modern times, experiments that even ordinary students can do were just in their infancy at that time, and even many university professors did not have this experimental concept.【4】

In the end, it was decided to give Kawei ten days. After ten days, if he could not produce convincing results, he would have to return the room.

Marcus agreed to this approach, but was still not interested in the experiment. However, in order to confirm that Kawei was not cheating, he instead sent an assistant to "help". The position of the obstetric assistant was actually higher than Kawei, but in the experiment

In the room, he had to become a tool man.

"Come on, come on, if you want to help, you have to be obedient and wash your hands!" Kawei took a large basin of water and poured a large amount of white powder into it. "After washing, you can start working."

The tool man's name is Savarin, a Serbian who graduated from Belgrade University Medical School with a doctorate. He was very dissatisfied with his tool man attributes, but there was nothing he could do about it: "I really didn't expect that I would end up with a completely useless person.

Children without medical degrees play field mice together.”

Kawi soaked his hands in bleach hand sanitizer and said with a smile: "You can quit now, I can do it alone."

"Do you think I don't want to?"

Savarin is still resistant to bleaching powder: "Are you sure this liquid is not harmful to the skin? The smell is too pungent."

"I have diluted it." Kawei put his hands into the next basin of clean water, "Please be sure to wash your forearms according to my requirements, and make sure the water reaches your elbows."

"So complicated."

"Then please come back."

"Forget it..." Looking at the dazzling array of experimental equipment, Savarin still succumbed to his thirst for knowledge.

After cleaning with alkali soap, rinsing with water, sterilizing and immersing, the two finally started the vole experiment.

First measure the body temperature of all voles, and then inject the internal tissue fluid of the corpse that has been stored for a period of time into the bodies of the voles in the observation group through Ignatz's syringe [5]. The observation group will be infected with this bacteria in less than a week.

Increased body temperature, anorexia, reduced activity, and finally death. The disease progression is basically the same as that of patients with puerperal fever.

The experimental process is not complicated. Kawei stays here for a short time every day, once in the morning, noon and night, for a total of no more than 3 hours. The rest of the time is taken care of by Savarin.

The result shocked Savarin, as did the dean who received his experimental report ten days later: "Is it really caused by an autopsy?"

"Well, because the pathogen was originally brought by those medical students."

Of course the director didn't believe it, because Semmelweis had proposed this point of view at the time, and was refuted on the spot by Klein, the director of the obstetrics department at the time: "Judging from the monthly mortality rate in the obstetric ward, maternal deaths occur during winter and summer vacations.

During the peak period, you said that it was the medical students who caused puerperal fever, but I really disagree."

Kawei presented Semmelweis's evidence again: "There must be reasons for the fluctuations in the data."

"Why is this happening?"

"Because the Vienna University School of Medicine has hosted holiday studies since the last century." Kawei expressed his guess, "During the summer and winter vacations, a large number of students from other nearby medical schools will flock to Vienna. The medical school provides anatomy classes, and

Our municipal general hospital is responsible for half of the internship opportunities.

In addition, there are far fewer doctors in the second ward than in the first ward, and they mainly rely on midwives to deliver babies."

The intern doctor has become the bridge between the corpse and the mother. The director is definitely not willing to admit it, but the experimental samples given by Kawei are very sufficient.

A total of 100 voles were randomly classified. The control group lived well during these ten days, and only 3 died. However, 82 voles died in the observation group during these ten days, and 12 of the remaining 18 voles still did not return to normal.

living habit.

"This is my experimental report, which contains detailed experimental procedures and anatomy reports of 82 dead voles." Kawei said, "In addition, I also have a microscope research report, which fully describes the contents of the body fluids of the corpses."

There are a lot of things, and I think the results will give the entire medical community a big surprise."

The dean previously thought that this experiment was just a young man's nonsense, and for Laszlo's investment, it was nothing to give him ten days of use rights.
To be continued...