The resources in the nine layers of mineral resources are non-renewable resources. What are non-renewable resources? Non-renewable resources refer to natural resources that cannot be regenerated for a considerable period of time after human development and utilization. For example, mineral resources, soil resources, coal, oil, etc., also called "non-renewable resources".

As humans continue to exploit and increase in quantity, reserves gradually decrease, and some are about to be exhausted. The rate of mineral formation cannot be compared with the rate of human development. Therefore, mineral resources are considered to be regenerated.

The reserves of mineral resources are generally counted according to the current technical level and economic conditions that can be developed and utilized. With the improvement of mining, smelting and extraction technologies, some low-grade minerals and associated minerals in ores will also be utilized.

Mineral resources seem to be very rich now, but in fact, mineral resources are limited. If humans are so unlimited and unplanned mining of mineral resources, one day in the future, humans will find that they will no longer find mineral resources. Therefore, whether for the current mineral economic benefits or for the future, humans must have a degree, or plan for the mining of mineral assets.

Under the current technical level and economic conditions, the rich and high-quality mineral resources that can be used by humans are extremely limited. One way to solve the problem of shortage of mineral resources is to carry out comprehensive utilization. The minerals and impurities associated with ore will be discarded and harmed, and will be used to make treasures.

When exploring and evaluating certain minerals, comprehensive evaluation should be carried out; when mining, ore dressing and smelting, comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization should be pursued.

In addition, if the boundary grade of mining minerals is relaxed, some mineral reserves will increase exponentially, such as reducing the boundary grade of mining copper ores from the current 04% to 02%, the world's copper reserves will increase by 25 times.

With the development of mining, ore dressing and smelting technologies, some waste stones and waste slags that seem to be unexplored and utilized today may become useful raw materials in the future.

Another way to solve the problem of mineral resources is to develop the ocean.

The ocean covers about 708% of the total area of ​​the earth and is extremely rich in resources. There are about 4 billion tons of uranium in the global ocean, and it also contains many elements available for utilization. For example, in deep-sea sediments, there are a large number of "manganese nodules", which contain both manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel, etc. In the Pacific alone, there are 400 billion tons of manganese nodules. The reserves of nickel in the ocean are 150 times that of land.

There are also sand ores such as gold, chromite, cassiterite, rutile, and monostone in the offshore areas. The continental shelf (the shallow sea part within 200 meters of water depth) and continental slopes (200 to 1000 meters of water depth) are rich in oil and natural gas. The submarine oil reserves are estimated to account for about 45% of the world's oil reserves.

Of course, the development of mineral resources is not entirely beneficial, and the development of mineral resources still has certain harm.

The large-scale development and utilization of mineral resources not only causes a shortage of mineral resources, but also pollutes the environment, changing the basic structure of the earth's environment and changing the natural environmental conditions of the region.

Open-pit mining of ores has caused complete damage to the landscape and ecology of the mining area, and has far-reaching and serious impacts.

The Kislovodsk, Caucasus in the former Soviet Union, was surrounded by mountains on three sides and was not affected by the northern continental climate. It was once known as an "oasis" with pleasant scenery. In the 1940s, limestone was mined locally, flattening the entire hilltop, turning the original canyon into a large gap. The city was under the attack of cold airflow in the north, and the "oasis" disappeared.

Open-pit mining of ore causes huge mine pits to form on the ground.

For example, when the mines are dug out, the Rhine lignite mining area of ​​the Federal Republic of Germany and the Northern Czech Republic of Czech Republic will face terrain leveling and ecological restoration work. The "restorement fee" per hectare of land costs thousands to tens of thousands of meters, accounting for about 3 to 5% of the coal cost.

Both open-pit mining and underground mining have problems with accumulation of waste stone and tailings. Waste stone and tailings accumulate into mountains, which not only occupies farmland, but also prone to landslide accidents.

Aberfin, Wells, USA, had a landslide accident at a 244-meter-high gangue yard, killing more than 800 people.

The tailings were poured by wind and rain, and the tailings powder or harmful substances in it spread to the atmosphere, water and soil, causing serious pollution. In 1964, the Balk Lead-Zinc Mine tailings farm in the Kangwei Basin in the UK was washed away by heavy rain, destroying a large area of ​​fertile lowland grassland, with the waste covering layer reaching half a meter thick.

During the mining of oil and natural gas, the extraction and injection of underground fluids change the hydrostatic pressure conditions of underground fluids, which will cause ground settlement or induce earthquakes.

Mineral resources are often associated with multiple ore ore or a combination of chemical elements. Therefore, the diffusion of harmful substances often occurs during the washing and smelting of ores.

For example, between 1902 and 1903, the Anaconda Copper Smelter in Montana, the United States, caused arsenic poisoning incident due to the spread of arsenic smoke, causing a large number of livestock to die.

The iron ore in the Shenshan area of ​​my country has a fluorine content of about 7%. During the smelting process, most of the fluorine in the ore enters tailings, and part of it is discharged from flue gas and wastewater during sintering and blast furnace production. In addition, the natural high fluorine background in this area causes fluorine pollution and endangers human and animal health.

The adverse effects of the development and utilization of mineral resources on the environment have attracted the attention of environmental geologists and environmental protection workers.

The pollution problems caused by them are focused on comprehensive evaluation, comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization; the environmental structure damage caused by the development of mineral resources is focused on prevention and after-care recovery work, and at the same time, establish operation and management measures for rational development and protection of mineral resources.

The importance of resources is conceivable, so for the future, we need to save resources, especially for developing countries like us, saving resources is even more important. This can not only accelerate the development of our country, but also prevent our country from being troubled by resources.

"Building an economy-saving society" is a slogan we cherish and shout when saving resources, but how can we truly save resources? Why do we strongly recommend saving?

The importance of mineral resources has been mentioned earlier, so here we take water resources as an example.

The country's total water resources are about 28 trillion cubic meters, ranking sixth in the world. The per capita water volume is more than 2,100 cubic meters, accounting for only one-quarter of the world's per capita level. It is a water-scarce country, and more than 400 of the more than 600 cities in the country are water-scarce. Especially in the western region, the water scarcity is very serious. It is very difficult for some mountainous areas to drink water for people and animals.

my country's water use faces serious problems, so we must cherish water resources and save water.

For example: After using water, tighten the faucet to avoid the waste of "clear water flowing eastward in a river". If the faucet is found to be broken, repair it in time to avoid losing a lot of water. Don't underestimate the discarded battery, because a button battery will contaminate 600 tons of water. If you throw it into the water, the water will not be able to drink.

We should collect the batteries and send them to the recycling station, which can not only prevent the water source from being polluted, but also allow the batteries to be recycled, killing two birds with one stone.

We not only need to save water, but also forest resources.

The total amount of forest resources in my country is insufficient, with a forest coverage rate of only 1821%, equivalent to 6152% of the world's average forest coverage rate; the country's per capita forest area and per capita forest storage are less than one-quarter and one-sixth of the world's per capita level respectively. The forest quality is not high, with an average storage capacity of only 8473 cubic meters per hectare, equivalent to 8486% of the world's average. This is the alarm sent by forest resources to them!

We must save and utilize forest resources. First of all, we must not throw manuscript paper litter, nor do we have unwritten paper to fold small handicrafts like airplanes, and do not cut down randomly or trample flowers, plants and trees at will. We must plant trees and take care of flowers, plants and trees; we do not use disposable things, such as paper cups, wooden blocks, etc. In schools, we must establish a "green bank" to pick up discards, handkerchiefs, etc. when we go out to eat, bring our own spoons and chopsticks.

Although these measures seem simple and seem to have no effect, you must know that doing this alone will not have any effect. However, as long as we all do this, it will definitely save a lot of forest resources. Therefore, saving forest resources starts with you!

There are also electricity resources. Speaking of here, maybe someone will say, aren’t electricity resources infinite? We have as much electricity resources as we use. If you really think so, you would be wrong, electricity resources are also limited.

We cannot live without electricity everywhere in our lives, which brings us all kinds of conveniences, but we still need to save electricity. Because our country's electricity is almost produced by burning standard coal, and the coal stored in our country has only been mined for 100 years!

Think about it. What should our descendants do in 100 years? Therefore, we must save electricity.

First of all, start with yourself, remember that "the lights turn on when people come, but when people leave, the lights turn off." In midsummer, do not turn the temperature too low when turning on the air conditioner. Just be suitable. For normal lighting, try to use energy-saving lamps as much as possible, because ordinary light bulbs convert a large amount of electricity into heat, only a decimal number to light, while energy-saving lamps convert almost electricity into light.

"Cherish resources and advocate saving" is the obligation of every citizen.

Some people say that saving is the product of the natural economy era with low productivity. Is it inappropriate to re-advertise saving under the materially abundant market economy? Some people say that consumption is a traction machine for production. It is an indispensable wheel for modern trains. Is it conservative to promote the transformation to a saving society? Why do we still need to save money today?

Those who ask these questions certainly don’t know that uncontrollable waste of resources shakes the foundation of survival.

Yes. Uncontrollable waste of resources shakes the foundation of survival. This is not an exaggeration, but a real existence. Because resources are limited, and once the resources are consumed, then how can humans survive?

Saving and waste are relative. Today we are talking about saving again because the waste that happens around us is shaking the foundation on which we rely on.

We are one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. The per capita water resources are less than 1/4,600 cities with more than 400 water supply insufficient in more than 400 cities, but have we cherished water?

Agriculture is a major water user of water resources and a major waste of water resources. In my country, the agricultural irrigation method of "soil canal water transport and flooding" is still widely used. Half of the irrigation water uses leaks during the water transfer process, and the utilization rate is only about 40%, which is less than half of the level of developed countries.

Because the existing water use facilities are backward, the current water consumption per 10,000 yuan of output value of my country's industrial industry is 103 cubic meters, the United States is 8 cubic meters, and Japan is only 6 cubic meters; the reuse rate of our industrial water is only about 55%, while the average is 75% and 85% in developed countries.

People are also unscrupulous in waste of water resources in life.

Experiments show that if a tap leaks a drop of water in one second, 360 tons of water will be dripped in a year. The water leakage loss of water distribution pipelines and water appliances in most cities in my country is as high as 20%, and the leakage of urban toilet water tanks alone will cost hundreds of millions of cubic meters every year. The waste of water resources in the whole country is more than 10 billion cubic meters per year. The water consumption of car washing in Beijing in just one year is equivalent to the water storage capacity of more than one Kunming Lake or six Beihai.

Our per capita arable land area is less than 2/5 of the world average. We need to use less than 1/10 of the world arable land area to feed 1/4 of the world's population. However, the "land enclosure movement" of various names has caused our arable land to drop sharply. Small solid clay bricks alone can destroy 8100,000 mu of fertile land a year, and brick factories alone occupy 4 million mu of land.

In extensive use and unwarranted waste, energy has also entered an era of shortage.

The minimum per capita reserve of important mineral resources such as oil, natural gas, copper, and aluminum accounts for only 1/25% of the world average. Currently, China consumes nearly 40% of its energy and mineral resources per 10,000 yuan more than developed countries. In addition to the backwardness of science and technology, artificial waste is a big loophole.

Neither the Asian financial crisis nor the sudden disaster have stopped our economy from advancing. However, with the energy tension sweeping across the country and the overall rise in raw material prices, people increasingly feel that our economy is suffering from resource constraints.

For a developing country like us, the shortage of important resources will inevitably be subject to others. At critical moments, resources may not be bought with money.

The looming resource crisis sounds the natural alarm bell

When riding on the economic train with rapid development, facing the increasingly rich material life, we often feel a sense of satisfaction: the days of being stretched and life is becoming more and more prosperous.

But when we know that today's wealthy life depends on excessive use of resources and today's development is exchanged for the survival rights of future generations, can we still live so calmly and generously?

"I thought you were infinitely broad and didn't care about losing a piece of shade. I thought you had infinite treasures. I didn't care about plundering a little peace. I thought you were extremely strong, but I knew your tears were flowing. I thought you had no boundaries in maternal love. I thought you gradually lost your strength."

The scarcity and poverty of existing resources, the demand and pressure of future development. Let us listen carefully to the warnings of nature. After encountering "coal shortage", "electric shortage" and "oil shortage", the Chinese people have tasted the bitterness of resource shortage for the first time. In the irritability of queuing up to buy candles, and suddenly falling into dark panic, the alarm bell has actually sounded!

After decades of surveys, geologists have confirmed that due to the huge population base and rapid economic development, China has become a "weak resource country". In 50 years, almost all mineral resources in China will be in severe shortages except coal, and about 50% of the resources are facing depletion.

This is a very dangerous signal. Insufficient resources will become the biggest difficulty restricting the rapid development of China's economy and will also become the biggest hidden danger that damages our better life.

In fact, under the wheel of development, how to deal with the challenge of resource shortage has become a global issue.

In countries around the world, saving has become a trend, and the resource conservation awareness of many countries has been integrated into every detail of life.

Those are some countries that are much richer than us, but their careful calculations about resource utilization make us ashamed.

The United States is a resource-rich country, and its national consumption level ranks first in the world, but American students' textbooks are reused. A textbook requires at least 8 students, and the average service life is 5 years.

In my country, the service life of textbooks in my country is only half a year!

There are currently 220 million primary and secondary school students in my country. If a textbook with one volume can be used continuously for 5 years, the funds saved will be considerable after deducting costs! And how many forests will survive in the recycling of textbooks!

Our neighbor, Bangzi Chinese, has saved their teeth. Because they cherish resources, they have developed food toothpicks made of potato starch or glutinous rice noodles.

Such as disposable tablecloths used in restaurants, disposable toiletries used in hotels, etc., there has been no trace in Bangzi Country.

Disposable chopsticks were originally invented by the Japanese, and the forest coverage rate in Japan is as high as 65%. However, they strictly prohibit cutting down trees on their own land to make disposable chopsticks. The wooden chopsticks they use are imported from China. After using them, they process the chopsticks into pulp and exported to China for foreign exchange.

HP is a world-renowned large company with great strength and wealth, but they set up "replacement boxes" and "regeneration boxes" in their offices. The paper that has been used only one side is placed in the spare box. Others can reuse the back of the paper, and the paper that has been used on both sides is placed in the regeneration box for recycling.

In any Epson company around the world, all double-sided printing paper must be used to paste various reimbursement notes after use.

Behind these seemingly meticulous and even somewhat meticulous and trivial behaviors is an increasingly recognized consensus: no matter how rich you are, you have no right to waste resources.

Saving resources depends on everyone's actions.

Accumulating feathers and sinking boats. In our developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, if everyone does not pay attention to saving resources, then our resource reserves will not be able to carry the development boat of the Chinese nation; water will become a river. If China, a population of 1.3 billion, truly practices thrift and opposes waste, the power it gathers will not only be the support for our country to move towards the future, but also a gift from our nation to the earth and mankind.

Do not do evil because it is small, and do not do good because it is small. In life, everyone can do things that can be saved. It is the only way to bow down on the things that can be saved.

Turn off the faucet when wiping soap in the shower, and you can save 60 liters of water when taking a shower; brush your teeth with a cup of water, only 0.5 liters of water. If the faucet is turned on for 5 minutes, you will waste 45 liters of water; use water-saving utensils in the toilet, which can save 45 liters of water each time; use a basin to wash water when washing vegetables, instead of turning on the faucet, which can save 100 liters of water for a meal...

The 1.3 billion people in the country use less than a pair of disposable wooden chopsticks, which means that thousands of acres of forests are avoided from the misfortune of deforestation. Every family in the country uses less plastic bag every day, which can save a lot of oil consumption and reduce environmental pollution.

Recycling 1 ton of waste paper can produce 800 kilograms of good paper, cutting 17 large trees less, saving 3 cubic meters of landfill space, saving more than half of papermaking energy and reducing water pollution by 35%.

If energy-saving light sources are used, our lighting electricity consumption will drop by 60%, saving 74 billion kWh of electricity per year, which is equivalent to saving 29.89 million tons of standard coal. If all the existing 130 million refrigerators in China are replaced with electric-saving refrigerators, 43.132 billion kWh of electricity per year, which is equivalent to half of the power generation of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station...

It is no exaggeration to say that each of us holds precious "resources" in our hands, and holds the power to live and kill the "lifeline" of the development of these nations. It will be destroyed and the damage of love lies in the actions of each of us.

In the 1950s and 1960s, my country once vigorously advocated the spirit of saving one kilowatt-hour of electricity, a drop of water, a drop of oil, a kilogram of coal, and a inch of cloth. Now that the economy has developed, income has increased, and life has been better, but that spirit of frugality has not only not outdated, but has become more meaningful with the development of the times.

"Frugality cultivates virtue" has always regarded frugality as a virtue worthy of praise since ancient times. Today, our 20-word civic moral outline will also be a big book on thrift.

Choosing frugality not only chooses a lifestyle and pursues a spiritual quality, but also establishes a path toward the future. (To be continued...)

ps:  Note: The midsummer has arrived. Everyone, please be careful to prevent heatstroke!
Chapter completed!