Chapter 38 The Truth of Literary Inquisition
The story of dozens of minutes was like uncovering the already healed scar again. The bloody past made the man in his thirties exhausted both physically and mentally. A Miao fed some water to Lu Shoushan, and he fell asleep quickly.
Seeing this, everyone stood up and walked out of the tent with slightest steps.
When he arrived outside the RV, Ding Guofeng took out a cigarette and sprinkled it around, saying in surprise: "Hey, why do I sound so familiar to Liu Yong, the Jiangsu academician mentioned by Lu Shoushan?"
Zhao Xin smiled coldly with a smoke in his mouth: "It's right, it's the Liu Luoguo in the TV series."
"Ah? That's the fuck... Then why don't Ji Xiaolan come out to help?" Ding Guofeng felt that there will always be good people in the court, and aren't they all acting like that in TV series?
Zhao Xin turned his head and put it together with the fire handed over by Liu Sheng. After lit the cigarette, he said to Ding Guofeng: "You are too poisoned. Can you believe the ones in the TV series? That's just a story. What kind of literary inquisition dares to plead with him? He thinks that his life is too long? Qianlong did not discuss it by scouting his home in minutes."
"Damn!" Ding Guofeng summarized it in one word.
At this time, Zhao Xin and the others didn't know that the final outcome of the "Yizhulou Poetry Case" is much more than what Lu Shoushan said.
In October of the 43rd year of Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty Censorate, Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple and other nine ministers came to the trial of the "Xu Family's Great Rebellion Case".
In November, Grand Secretary A Gui, Left Minister Heshen and other nine ministers discussed with Qianlong that Xu Shukui's sons, grandsons, brothers, brothers, and brothers, and those over 16 years old were all killed, and their wives, concubines, sisters, and sisters were paid to the family of heroes as slaves, and their property was transferred to officials.
At the end of November, Qianlong issued an edict to spread to the world, and the relevant persons in this case were dealt with as follows:
Xu Shukui wrote a collection of poems, Xu Huaizu published it into a book, and the father and son were plotting rebellions one after another. Although they were both dead, they were still dealt with according to the law of Da Ni Lingchi. Specifically, it was to dig graves, cut off the corpse's heads, and hang it at the gate of Dongtai County for public display. The remaining bones were ground into powder and sprinkled in the wilderness, so that descendants had no place to find the corpse if they wanted to sacrifice.
In the history of the Qing Dynasty, Zhuang Yanqi, the case of "History of Ming Dynasty" in the Kangxi Dynasty and the late Zhu Tingzheng in the "Sutra Three Character Classic" case were both treated like this.
The brothers Xu Shitian and Xu Shishu are the relatives of two righteous offenders and are beheaded. Other men in the Xu family who are over 16 years old will also beheaded.
The Xu family's male and female servants under the age of fifteen were sent to Ningguta as slaves. All the property was confiscated, and a pillar of the building was razed to the ground.
As an aide to the governor Tao Yi, Lu Yan made random criticisms and drafts, reversed right and wrong, deliberately eliminated serious cases, and dealt with them in accordance with the crime of committing a major rebellion, beheaded and confiscated the property, and his wives, concubines, and children became flag slaves.
Tao Yi, as a senior official of the vassal department, did not personally check the rebellion letter, and even followed the opinions of his staff and reported to the Governor of Liangjiang, intending to imprison the person who accused him. He beheaded according to the crime of "suffering from great rebellion", his family property was confiscated, and his wives, concubines and children were converted into flag slaves.
Among all the people, this Taoist vassal was both lucky and unfortunate. After being escorted to the prison of the Ministry of Justice in the capital, he was self-examined by Qianlong. Although he tried his best to defend himself, he was still considered to be a protective person and accepted bribes from Xu Shitian.
He said he was lucky because he died of illness before the verdict was made. However, Qianlong would not let him go. His body, along with the Xu family and his aide Lu Yan, went to Caishikou, but his head still fell out.
After saying that, I lost my head, and then I will talk about those who were exiled.
Huang Bin, whose original name was Mao Cheng, was once a tutor in the Yacha Salt Farm. This man wrote a postscript to Xu Shukui's "Shi Tao" by Xu Shukui. Although he later went to Shaanxi to be an aide, he changed his surname and name and passed the imperial examination and was admitted to the juren. However, he was also arrested and arrested.
Fortunately, although he praised Xu Shukui in the convicted postscript, he also wrote the six words "Mr.'s life holy dynasty", and was finally exiled to the juren's fame, a hundred rod, exiled for three thousand miles, and went to Hainan Island.
Tu Yuelong, the magistrate of Dongtai, was unable to investigate the case in time after receiving it. He repeatedly shirked the responsibility of Jiangning Bookstore, watched the case delay, and almost eliminated it. He acted as one hundred rodents and sent it to Yili for three years.
Although Xie Qikun, the governor of Yangzhou, did not have any partial words in Xiang Fanshi's writings and could mark the rebellious words one by one, the problem was that it was delayed for half a month before reporting to his superiors, which was a dereliction of duty, so he was sent to the Mohe Army Taiwan of Heilongjiang to be exiled.
To put it simply, the prefect Xie quickly handed over the money to discuss the crime and was exempted from exile. After that, he relied on whom he relied on. In the Jiaqing period, he became the Minister of War and the Right Deputy Chief Envoy of the Censorate, and served as the acting governor of Guangxi.
As for the plaintiff Cai Jiashu, who plotted on the Xu family's property, this case was purely harmful to others and not beneficial to oneself. In Qianlong's opinion, he and Xu Shukui were fellow villagers. The "Yizhulou Poetry Collection" was published many years ago. He must have known it for a long time, but he never reported it. He just waited until the dispute over his property was involved, which was a revenge on suspicion. However, he was the first report in this case and was released on bail.
In addition, Gao Jin, the then Governor of Liangjiang who was responsible for investigating and handling the case, acted as Governor of Liangjiang Sazai, and Yang Kui, the Governor of Jiangsu, was also reprimanded by Qianlong in the edict.
What shocked the government and the country more than that. Although Shen Deqian, who wrote the preface to "Yizhulou Poetry Collection", had been dead for nine years, his fate was even more miserable.
This is not an ordinary person. If Ji Xiaolan is often interpreted as Qianlong's poet in unofficial films and TV dramas in later generations, Shen Deqian is a real person.
This man passed the Jinshi at the age of 67. He relied on his well-written poetry and worked diligently on the school magazine "Imperial Poetry Collection". In just five years, he was promoted from the editor of the Hanlin Academy, the seventh-rank Hanlin Academy to the second-rank Junior Minister of Rites. Later, he retired at the age of 76 and returned to his hometown. At the age of 85, he was actually given the title of Minister of Rites and was awarded three generations.
By the 30th year of Qianlong's reign, Shen Deqian, who was already 93 years old, was awarded the title of Prince's Tutor, and his grandson was also awarded the title of Juren. At that time, when the old prime minister of Shen in Suzhou was mentioned, everyone in Jiangnan knew about it, and it was so red that it was purple.
However, creatures like the emperor have always been ruthless in crossing rivers and turning against each other.
Under the supervision of the Qianqing Palace Guards and Jiangsu Governors, Shen Deqian's tombstones and funeral inscriptions were destroyed, and the gravels were removed from other places. All the official titles and palace titles obtained by Shen Deqian during his lifetime and death were removed, and the tablets placed in the town fairy temple were also withdrawn. During the execution period, all the descendants of the Shen family came to the scene, knelt down and listened to the orders, and watched the destruction process.
Do you think the "Yizhulou Poetry Case" ended like this? It didn't happen, and the aftermath of this case continued until three years later.
In the 46th year of Qianlong's reign, someone found out that Xu Shukui had written a preface for a man named Wang Guodong in Xinghua. As a result, Wang Guodong was sentenced to beheading, and his father Wang Zhongru was also opened to kill the body.
Another thing is Zheng Banqiao, who has passed away for more than ten years. Because he and Wang Guodong are good friends, in his collections of printed, imitated and reprinted essays after Qianlong forty-six years, as long as the name "Wang Guodong" is included, they must be removed from the stereotype.
Some people may ask, why did Qianlong handle the "Yizhulou Poetry Case" so cruelly that he would not even let the dead go?
In fact, whether it is the "Zhi Guan Case" or the "Yizhulou Poetry Case", it happened in the continuation of the "Sun Jiagan's fake memorial case" in the 16th year of Qianlong. If we analyze it further, it will also involve the party struggle between Ortai and Zhang Tingyu in the early Qianlong Dynasty.
In the third year of Qianlong's reign, a secret letter that was said to be submitted by the left censor Sun Jiagan began to spread in the capital, causing panic among the people in the court. The content was mainly to impeach many important officials in the court, including the Grand Secretary Ortai, Zhang Tingyu, Xu Ben, Neqin, Haiwang, and the Minister of Guards Chang Ming, etc., who were all involved.
At first glance, this matter seems to be true. You should know that Sun Jiagan was a veteran of three dynasties. He served in the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods. He was always famous for his courage to speak out and make suggestions. When Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he promoted him to the left censor of the Censorate. Later, he was even promoted to the Minister of Justice because he often impeached officials and fulfilled his duties. Therefore, those who dared to impeach important officials at that time probably would not have the second thought of being the second person except Sun Jiagan.
However, Qianlong responded quickly. He used the form of an explicit edict to declare the court and the public, severely refuted the rumors, and explicitly ordered the disseminators to be investigated and punished.
In other words, this memorial was not written by Sun Jiagan, otherwise he would not have been promoted to Governor General of Zhili in October of that year, and was transferred to Governor General of Huguang in the sixth year of Qianlong.
This shows that the reason why the emperors of the Qing Dynasty established a secret channel for information reporting in addition to the official document reporting system was to realize their absolute autocratic power, which is the so-called "all the power of abolishing rewards and punishments will be born from me."
The Qing court's secret fold system developed to the Yongzheng period, and the operational procedures and means were already very strict. The capital and local ministers had to put secret folds in a special leather box with locks, and seals were placed outside. There were only two keys to the leather box, one in the hands of the officials and the other was kept by the emperor in person, and no one could open it except that.
Ordinary official documents must be handed over to the Military Affairs Office through the Tongzheng Department, and then transferred to the memorial office; the secret letter is sent directly to the memorial office, and the eunuch of the memorial office will be sent to the emperor. In this process, no one except the emperor and the person who wrote the secret letter will know what is written on it. After the emperor reads the memorial, the ministers of the Military Affairs Office will draft orders based on the emperor's oral orders, and then submit them to the imperial examination, and then publish them in the form of a clear or court letter after the edict issuance.
This means that confidentiality is the core of ensuring the effective implementation and continuation of this system!
If this memorial was really written by Sun Jiagan, then Qianlong would definitely have given instructions. Either punish those who were impeached or those who were impeached would be punished without any reaction. After all, all the people on the memorial were all real power factions in the dynasty!
Of course there is another possibility, that is, the memorandum was indeed written by Sun Jiagan, and it was really leaked, so Qianlong strongly denied it.
Why do you say that? Because the party struggle between Ortai and Zhang Tingyu was very strong at that time, the two factions fought each other and were incompatible. Although the young Qianlong was extremely disgusted with this, he had not yet fully controlled the court shortly after he succeeded to the throne, and his government affairs were still inseparable from the old ministers of the previous dynasty.
Until the 12th year of Qianlong's reign, Qianlong had completely controlled the court and finally stopped swallowing his anger.
He first hinted that Zhang Tingyu retired and asked the 30-year-old Neqin to be the Minister of Military Affairs. This also caused Zhang Tingyu to beg for a favor to enjoy the Taimiao, but was eventually seized and was confiscated. His late years were miserable and he retired and returned home.
When Zhang Tingyu died in the 20th year of Qianlong's reign, he defeated all the Guangxi academician Hu Zhongzao, the main party member of Ortai, Zhang Kaitai, the Minister of Rites of the Ministry of Rites, and E Chang, and the Governor of Gansu through the "Jianmosheng Poetry Chronicle" case, through the "Jianmosheng Poetry Chronicle" case, which completely suppressed the situation of the infighting party since the middle and late Yongzheng period.
Let’s talk about the progress of the “fake memorial case” when we come back.
Qianlong's imperial edict did not cause the false memorial to disappear, but instead became more and more intense. By the 16th year of Qianlong's reign, the false memorial had been copied in most of China, and even the porter who could not read the big words knew what was going on.
What's more serious is that the circulating versions added contents to Qianlong himself, such as the use of troops from Jinchuan, the unjust killing Zhang Guangsi, the southern tour was exhausted and the loss of money, the empress died early and the palace was always on the rise... A total of the "five unsolvable and ten major mistakes" were listed.
The problem is big! This is no longer a simple rumor about many late ministers, but a slap in the face of the current emperor.
You should know that the system of delivering and handling documents in ancient society is closely related to ruling power. If a highly centralized feudal dynasty could not even control the rumors about the emperor, it would be a major event that endangers the country.
By the way, the original text of this fake memorial cannot be found in later generations. Because its content is directly criticized by the emperor and its words are fierce, it is strictly forbidden to retain it. After the case is closed, all copyings will be confiscated and destroyed. Even private unofficial historical notes are secretive about this. Later researchers can only infer the general content from the memorials of local officials at that time and the imperial edicts of Qianlong's remarks.
The weirdness is far more than that.
The fake memorial was spread in Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Zhili, Shandong and other places from the third to the sixteenth year of Qianlong. However, none of the governors of the above-mentioned provinces reported it. Instead, the remote governor of the Yunnan-Guizhou Governor Shuo Se found that someone was copying it in Guizhou, so he immediately reported it, which began a "fake memorial case" investigation and handling storm that affected the whole country.
Qianlong was naturally furious when he received the secret report. While investigating and prosecution, he began to attack those incompetent officials one by one. At the same time, he was wary of the cultural and educational administration in various provinces, and decided to start rectifying the officialdom to consolidate the cornerstone of his rule.
For him, the real theme of the fake memorial case from the beginning was not just who was the author of the memorial content, but the customs and administration of the people, and the control of middle and lower-level officials and gentry classes.
After searching, the biggest problem lies in Jiangnan.
At that time, the case investigation in the Jiangnan area was personally led by Yin Jishan, the governor of Liangjiang. Later, Qianlong sent the military minister Shu Hede to co-organize. However, the officialdom in Jiangnan was like a quagmire pool, and a large number of middle and lower-level officials participated in the copying, and the more people were investigated, the more people were investigated. After a few months, he still couldn't figure out who the main culprit was.
In November of the 17th year of Qianlong, as a large number of middle and lower-level officials were continuously taken to the capital, Qianlong simply took the power to hear the counterfeit draft case to the Ministry of Justice, and the Minister of Military Affairs intervened in the investigation. But even so, after the trial, the entire counterfeit draft case was like a clueless ball, which became increasingly confusing.
At this point, if there is no official protection, Qianlong will not believe it if he is killed.
In the end, Qianlong had no choice but to find a scapegoat. If there was no first offender, he would create one, first let the case end decently, and then turn around and deal with those guys who were hiding the slander.
So, a lower-level military officer from Jiangxi and who had been arrested and interrogated, surfaced. The discovery of this clue actually came from the red criticism of Qianlong on a memorial to Jiangxi Governor E Rong'an.
E Rong'an reported a total of four clues in the memorial, but Qianlong expressed serious concerns about the plot of Lu Lusheng and Lu Xiling and his son. He wrote in the commentary: "These two people quickly went to Beijing to resolve the matter. It seems that this matter is approaching, so I will try to persuade him."
Lu Lusheng was the Qianzong of the Guardian of Fuzhou, Green Camp in Jiangxi at that time. According to his own account, he had a gathering with a group of colleagues in the army at the house of Li Shirui, the chief of the Qianzong of the Guard of Jizhou, in July and August of the 15th year of Qianlong. During the banquet, someone took out a memorial saying that it was a major event for the court and wanted to show it to everyone. The master Li Shirui even read the memorial in public.
However, according to the confessions of all the military officers present at that time, it was difficult for them to accurately recall who brought the memorial. A said it was B, B said it was C, and C said it was D. As for Lu Lusheng's initial confession, he couldn't remember that everyone had read the manuscript together at this dinner party, but instead he said that his son Lu Xiling showed it to him.
In fact, there are too many such situations in the process of pursuing false memorials.
However, in the final closing report, the Qing court determined that the initial copy of the fake memorial was brought by Lu Lusheng, so the following copying path was found:
All the military officers who attended the party copied a memorial home, and then passed it to Peng Chubai, the clerk of the Fuzhou Office, and then it quickly spread among the people of Fuzhou. Only a month later, all the clerks under the Grain Road of Jiangxi had read the fake memorial, but the copy they read was actually obtained by the erotic servant Huofu from a butcher shop in the city.
Immediately after reading it, a licensor who was still unsatisfied with it copied a licensor to the Yuanzhou Guards' Guards' Office, and then passed it along the Yangtze River to a tavern in Jiangning Mansion. The cousin of the tavern owner found the memorial in a hotel thin clip (a wallet for cashiers), and then he passed it to a guy who was unidentified, and to a small owner who opened a shoe store in Zhangshu Town, Qingjiang County, Linjiang Prefecture, Jiangxi Province.
Well, Qianlong believed that this transmission path, which seemed extremely absurd to future generations, was true, and must be true.
On the 25th day of the first lunar month of the 18th year of Qianlong, an imperial edict suddenly issued an edict inside and outside: Sun Jiagan's fake memorial had been arrested, and it was Lu Lusheng, the general of the Green Camp.
The great victory finally arrived! From the capital to the local area, countless officials were excited and expressed their congratulations to the emperor on rectifying the people's hearts and calming down the evil sayings, and the government was rectified and the sluts who tried to discredit the Holy Dynasties and the Holy Lord.
The case was settled, but the Ministry of Justice still had a large group of middle and lower-level officials escorted from it. There were also many local officials, and even those banished officials who were not well investigated and dealt with. How should they be dealt with?
Of course, Qianlong could not remove all these officials. He could only exorcise and release a small number of them, and a small number of them were dismissed from office, including the officials from the border, and most of them were dismissed from office.
According to the Qing system, officials who were dismissed from office must submit a thank-you note to show their gratitude to the emperor. The emperor either stayed at the top of the country or gave a kind word of advice. The implication is nothing more than that if they make another mistake during their stay, they will be punished with both crimes, so that you will not be able to bear it.
However, when the memorial of Yin Jishan, the governor of Liangjiang, was sent to the imperial front to read, the words of Qianlong Zhu Ci were so cold and vicious that they were reprimanded and were so sharp that they were unprecedented, which scared Yin Jishan to get seriously ill.
Yin Jishan's thank-you note said this: "I have not been severely condemned by the Holy Lord, and I have been to the Ministry of Justice to Dismiss the Office. It is not enough to cover up the crime. I have relied on the kindness of heaven and allowed me to remain in my post. After hearing the order, I was deeply shocked. I remember that my emperor's grace was not ordinary and comparable. It has not been effective for more than ten years. I have thought that more than once, and I have been lenient in my emperor's lenient ministers. Now, I have been extra proud of my superiors and have given me a path to reform. Even if my parents' beloved sons cannot be so safe and compassionate."
Qianlong's comments were: "This is just a concise word. Your intention has been determined to be broad, and you think it is not broad, so you will be careful. This is a great thing that will ruin your life. I mean that those who can be broad should not be discarded in the couplet before they finally see the signs of discarding, and if they finally see the signs of discarding, they will not be able to give up. This is not true. If you are solid, why would you make a fame and profit?"
Chapter completed!